Medical Marijuana:

LA Marijuana Products

 

The medical information on this site is provided as a resource for information only, and is not to be used or relied upon for any diagnostic or treatment purposes and is not intended to create any patient-physician relationship.  Readers are advised to seek professional medical guidance regarding the diagnosis and treatment of their medical concerns.

 

Due to the rapid growth and popularity of the cannabis program in LA, the range and number of cannabis products available is growing exponentially and it is not possible for this website to keep up and maintain accurate listings of everything available, past or present. The specific medical marijuana products that are described as “available” in Louisiana change frequently and this page may not accurately reflect what is currently available at a particular marijuana pharmacy/dispensary.

Cannabis products sold in LA are provided through growers partnered with Southern and LSU Universities. Ilera Holistic Healthcare’s cannabis products are grown, cultivated, processed and packaged in Louisiana through a partnership with Southern University’s Agricultural Research and Extension Center whereas Good Day Farm is partnered with LSU.

 

Please note also that the cannabis-based products approved and  distributed in Louisiana are NOT FDA-approved and therefore will not be covered by insurance. Additionally, they would be considered illegal in states or countries that do not have appropriate laws legalizing marijuana, so caution should be exercised if traveling with these medications. Furthermore, transporting a cannabis product across state lines, especially into a cannabis-illegal state could make one susceptible to federal criminal charges of transporting controlled substances across state lines.  Do not transport cannabis-based products in your luggage into other countries. 

 

Links to other Pertinent Educational Pages:

Links to ALL Marijuana Educational Pages

For those patients who are interested in pursuing a trial of therapy with cannabis-based products, it is important they first read the following pages on this website:

 

Marijuana

 

LA Marijuana Products:

 

Marijuana Dosing

 

 

Marijuana Pharmacies / Dispensaries in LA

 

 

 

Key to Links:

  • Grey text – handout
  • Red text – another page on this website
  • Blue text – Journal publication

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A Brief Overview

When the decision is made to try using medical marijuana, one needs to identify the specific benefits one hopes to obtain in order to make the appropriate choice of product. When considering dosing, it is important to start with low doses until one becomes familiar with how one responds to a particular product. This is especially true for those with little experience with marijuana. In addition, one needs to understand that marijuana is not a drug but a plant with more than 100 pharmaceutically active drug constituents. The benefits to be obtained from a marijuana product will depend on the different constituents found in that product including not just the am0unts or concentrations but also the ratios of the different constituents.

 

The most common conditions for turning to marijuana products for therapeutic benefits include pain, anxiety and insomnia, but other benefits may be achieved. When selecting a product one must understand which constituents found in marijuana  contribute to one’s desired benefits. While the cannabinoids delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most dominant constituents found in marijuana, other constituents including other cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids are critical in determining which benefits a product offers. The interactions, or “entourage effects,” between the various constituents (especially between THC and CBD) contribute greatly to the benefits and side effects a product offers. This is the reason there are so many hundreds of strains of marijuana each with their unique attributes.

 

Besides the therapeutic contribution from the constituents found in marijuana, the form of the marijuana product as well as the method of ingestion or intake of the product is equally important in determining the ultimate therapeutic impact of the marijuana product. Currently available forms of marijuana products include tinctures that can be ingested under the tongue (sublingual) or swallowed, vape products that are inhaled, edible forms to be eaten and topical creams that are applied to the skin. Each of these forms have their advantages and disadvantages discussed below. In the future (January 2022?) it is planned to have dried marijuana plant buds available to be smoked or made into edibles.

 

Finally, when assessing a mariujana product to predict its potential benefits by evaluating its profile of THC, CBD and the secondary cannabinoids and terpenes it is important to understand that the profile provided may vary quite a bit from one plant from another even within the same specific strain such as Jenny Kush. This is because the conditions in which the plant is grown have a great impact on the plant’s constituents. When reviewing reported profiles one can see significant variation in reported contents and amounts. This can be seen below where profiles published by different sources can be very different.

 

In the LA medical marijuana industry, however, the plants are cloned and grown in essentially the same conditions for the products available. According to the manufacturer, there is no greater than 15% variability from one batch to another. This constituent consistency is an important advantage to buying illicit-source marijuana products or even commercially available products in marijuana-legal states.

 

Pain

It should be noted that despite overwhelming interest in the public and medical community as to marijuana and marijuana constituents regarding benefits for pain, there remains only weak evidence based on relatively poor quality research studies to guide one in the use of marijuana products for pain.

 The constituents found in marijuana that are most helpful in treating pain include:

 

Cannabinoids

THC & CBD

The two primary cannabinoids found in cannabis, THC and CBD, are are responsible for the majority of cannabis’s pharmacologic effects, especially the analgesic effects. THC is in most cases the strongest analgesic constituent in marijuana. THC is neuroprotectant and has the ability to reduce certain forms of neuropathic and chronic pain. In addition, it has  anti-spasmodic, anti-tremor, anti-inflammatory, appetite stimulant and anti-emetic properties.

The addition of CBD to THC is believed to enhance the benefits of THC as well as suppress some of THC’s side effects, especially the anxiety, paranoia and cognitive impairment that is associated with THC. There are differences in opinions as to whether the ratios of THC to CBD should be high, low or balanced to provide the most analgesic benefit so it is generally left to the individual and their trials and errors to identify what works best for them.

CBD by itself has benefit for pain for some people but it is less potent alone than when combined with THC. CBD does not produce the mind-altering “high” effects like euphoria but it does reduce anxiety and enhance sleep. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, anti-psychotic, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects.For in-depth information regarding CBD and its clinical characteristics, See: Cannabidiol (CBD).

 

Minor Cannabinoids

Other minor cannabinoids found in cannabis may also exert additional effects of therapeutic interest, including cannabinol (CBN), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabigerol (CBG) and cannabichromene (CBC).  Cannabinol (CBN) is the third most common constituent of marijuana after THC and CBD. CBN is not psychoactive but it does provide some analgesic benefit. However, the specifics of which secondary cannabinoids are present, or their amounts, are not reported in most of the products currently available in LA (See: Cannabinoids).

 

Terpenes

Terpenes have a great deal of popular support for their pain benefits although most of the research that explores this is preclinical: animal or lab-based (in-vitro). For more in-depth information regarding terpenes, please see “Terpenes – An Overview.”  The following terpenes are most commonly recognized for their benefits for pain:

 

    1. Beta-Caryophyllene
    2. Pinene
    3. Limonene
    4. Linalool
    5. Myrcene
    6. Eucalyptol

 

Anxiety

The constituents found in marijuana that are most helpful in treating anxiety include:

 

Cannabinoids

While THC may reduce anxiety at low doses, higher doses of THC often cause or worsen anxiety and trigger paranoia. CBD on the other hand has anxiolytic effects which are reasonably supported in the literature, especially regarding the belief that CBD reduces the side effect of anxiety induced by THC (See: Cannabidiol (CBD). The dose of CBD required for anxiety relief varies considerably between individuals but may require as little as 5 mg to as much as 200 mg or more. Also, the minor cannabinoid, Cannabigerol (CBG), has benefit for anxiety although it is present in only small amounts in most cannabis strains.

 

Terpenes

Terpenes are frequently promoted as having sedative and anxiety benefits. The following is a list of terpenes commonly believed to have sedative or anxiolytic effects:

    1. β-Caryophyllene
    2. Limonene
    3. Linalool
    4. Myrcene
    5. α-Pinene
    6. Phytol
    7. α-Terpineol
    8. Terpinolene

 

insomnia

The constituents found in marijuana that are most helpful in treating insomnia include:

 Cannabinoids

Preliminary research into marijuana and insomnia suggests that CBD may be helpful for treating insomnia. Like using CBD for anxiety, the CBD dose to facilitate sleep may range from low (5-10 mg)  to as high as 200 mg or higher.  THC at doses of as little as 5 mg or as high as 30 mg or higher may improve sleep latency (falling asleep) but could impair sleep quality in the long-term.

Terpenes

The following is a list of terpenes commonly believed to have benefit for insomnia:

 

    1. Beta-Caryophyllene (BCP)
    2. Myrcene
    3. Linalool
    4. β-Pinene
    5. Terpinolene

 

 

Marijuana (Cannabis)-based Medications Available in Louisiana (LA)

What’s Available:

Starting in January, 2022, under new rules and regulations, all nine medical cannabis pharmacies in the state will be allowed to sell up to 2 1/2 ounces of raw, smokable cannabis products every 14 days for therapeutic use to patients 21 years and older (more information to be forthcoming). The marijuana-based products for medical use currently available fall into 4 categories:

  1. Oral liquid tinctures
  2. Edibles
  3. Vape products for inhalation
  4.  Topical products to apply to the skin
  5. (Cannabis in raw or crude form (or flower) beginning in January, 2022.)

 

The differences, advantages, disadvantages and pharmacology of these different categories are addressed on the other  educational pages on this site, see links above. This section will review the specific products currently available in LA.

One important point needs to be made regarding these products. The benefits of any medical marijuana product will be dependent on the pharmacologic activity of the constituents found in the product. These constituents include cannabinoids (THC, CBD and others) and terpenes the aromatic constituents that contribute to the scent as well as therapeutic benefits of a marijuana product. If a marijuana product does not provide the desired therapeutic benefit, it may be due to inadequate dosing or due to an inadequate profile of the constituents found in the product. Therefore one may need to supplement any given marijuana product with additional constituents rather than simply increase the dose of the product to achieve a desired benefit.

 

Brand Name Products: Wellcana and Ilera

Currently in Louisiana only two brands of marijuana-based products are available: Wellcana (formerly GB Sciences, 2019, and recently partnered with “Good Day Farm,” 10, 2021) which contracts with LSU and Ilera Holistic Healthcare which contracts with Southern University. Because the two Louisiana-approved marijuana growers, LSU and Southern, grow different strains of marijuana, their products are not the same despite sharing similar doses of the major marijuana constituents, THC and CBD. The secondary constituents including the minor cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids have important clinical impact but they vary between strains. Therefore when exploring the products it may be necessary to try the other brand when one is not fully satisfied with their response to a particular brand’s product.

 

Unfortunately, because the marijuana strains from which these secondary constituents are derived are proprietary, as are the actual amounts and ratios of the constituents found in these products,  this information is not disclosed. Because these variables determine the potential therapeutic benefits of the formulations it is not possible to predict their specific efficacy for medical conditions.

 

Oral Liquid Tinctures

Most people inexperienced with the use of medical marijuana start with the oral liquid tinctures because they have the advantage of more precise dosing control compared with vaping. Tinctures are oil or alcohol based products with marijuana extracts dissolved in them. Both tinctures, the balanced THC/CBD and the THC without CBD, are “full spectrum” and contain additional cannabinoids including cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabinol (CBN), Canbachromene (CBC), terpenes and flavonoids. Again, as noted above, the specifics of which of these constituents and their amounts are proprietary and not disclosed to either the pharmacist or recommending physician..

The tinctures are identified by the total content of the THC and/or CBD in the product so it is important to understand this since it does not represent the dose. The bottles are 30 ml bottles so a 600 mg product identification has a concentration of 20 mg/ml and each dropperful is approximately 0.8 – 1 ml. Similarly, a 300 mg product identification has a concentration of 10 mg/ml and a 150 mg product identification has a concentration of 5 mg/ml.

 

Notes regarding the use of tinctures

Because the various constituents present in a tincture may settle to the bottom of the bottle if the bottle has been sitting for a while, one should shake the bottle before use. Also, because the droppers are not calibrated very well or at all, it is a good idea to use a calibrated syringe (in 1 cc, 3 cc or 5 cc sizes depending on your dose) to facilitate accurate and consistent dosing. The dispensaries should have them available if you ask.

Tinctures should be placed under the tongue in the sublingual space where the medicine is absorbed directly into the blood stream rather than being swallowed. This method allows a more rapid and efficient absorption of the medicine without it being first broken down and modified by the stomach and liver, providing a maximum effect. Because  the  the sublingual space only holds about 20 drops (or 1 cc), one must be caution about placing too much tincture at a time or the excess tincture will be swallowed. It is advised to place only about 5 drops at a time under the tongue and to allow a couple of minutes for them to be absorbed. The consensus of opinion is that one should hold the tincture under the tongue for 1-2 minutes to provide optimal absorption.

Tinctures absorbed sublingually will have an onset of effect in about 30 minutes compared to more than an hour ater swallowing. The effects should last up to 4-8 hours after use. When swallowed the tincture will still provide benefits but they will be slower in onset and may last longer. Due to the breakdown of the constituents by the stomach and liver, the final therapeutic benefit may be different swallowed compared to sublingual absorption. These methods of absorption with tinctures compare with the use of vape products that when inhaled nearly immediately enter the blood stream with rapid effects. Dosing with vape products however is less precise and differs based on the depth of inhalation and the length of time one holds the vape in before exhaling.

 

Initial Dosing of the Tinctures for the Inexperienced

The recommendations below are generalized and based on the manufacturer’s suggested dosing. Ultimately, dosing recommendations should be provided by the prescriber and based on multiple variables including the patient’s age, underlying medical conditions and current medications, size and experience with marijuana use.

 

CHOICE OF TINCTURES

The tinctures are available in 2 formats: 

    1. THC and CBD in a balanced formulation with equal amounts of THC and CBD
    2. THC-only formulation

Because studies indicate that the benefits of both THC and CBD are enhanced when the two are given together, the balanced formulations are recommended as starting formulations, starting with the lowest concentration formula. Additionally, CBD is believed to reduce some of the side effects seen with THC, particularly the anxiety and paranoia that can sometimes occur with THC. For the uninitiated or naive patient this combination is likely to be better tolerated. If the initial use of the balanced formulation is associated with excessive sedation, either the THC dose or, possibly, the CBD dose is too high – usually the THC. Sometimes, however, CBD is associated with excessive sedation and it may be necessary to use the THC-only product.

 

BALANCED THC:CBD (1:1) SUBLINGUAL TINCTURE

Potency: 150 mg CBD:150 mg THC/30 mL (5 mg CBD:5 mg THC/mL).

Initial recommendation:

Naive patients start with a sublingual dose of 0.5 mL (2.5 mg CBD:2.5 mg THC) 1 time per day for 1 week.

Experienced patients take 1.0 mL (5 mg CBD:5 mg THC) 1 time per day for 1 week.

If desired relief is not achieved after 1 week:

Patients may take initial dose 2 times per day for 1-2 weeks.

If desired relief is not achieved after 3 weeks:

Patients may take initial dose 3 times per day for 2 weeks.

For greater relief:

Patients may increase initial dosing in a stairstep manner by adding 0.5 mL to initial dose for a 2-week period until desired relief is achieved.As an alternative, one may step up the concentration to the balanced 300 mg formualtion that contains 10 mg of both THC and CBD per ml.

 

THC ONLY TINCTURES

When it is determined that the CBD component is not tolerated well one shoud rotate off the balanced formulation and try the THC-only formulation, starting with the lowest concentration formula.

Potency: 300mg THC/30mL (10 mg THC/mL).

Initial recommended starting dose:

Naive patients start with a sublingual dose of 0.25 mL (2.5mg THC) 1 time per day for 1 week.

Experienced patients start with a sublingual dose of 0.5 mL (5.0 mg THC) 1 time per day for 1 week.

If desired therapeutic effect is not achieved after 1 week:

Patients may take initial dose 2 times per day for 2 weeks.

If desired relief is not achieved after 3 weeks:

Patients may take initial dose 3 times per day for 2 week.

For greater relief:

Naive patients may increase initial dose in a stairstep manner by adding 0.25 mL to initial dose for a 1-2 week period until desired relief is achieved (e.g., progress from initial dose of 0.25 mL to 0.5 mL to 0.75 mL to 1.0 mL).

Experienced patients may increase initial dose in a stairstep manner by adding 0.5 mL to initial dose for a 1-2 week period until desired relief is achieved.

If necessary, one my progress slowly to the stronger formulations: 600 mg/ml and 900 mg/ml

 

Supplementing the Tinctures

Depending on the tincture product selected, one may not fully achieve the therapeutic benefits desired. If trial and error switching between tincture products continues to fall short, another option is to supplement a tincture with other products, particularly CBD products that include terpenes. There are many such products available over the counter that allow for selective therapeutic effects when added to THC-only tinctures. By supplementing a THC-only product, one can precisely control the dose of THC to fine tune the specific THC benefits being sought while the supplemental constituents may be independently dosed to fine tune the benefits provided by the supplemental CBD/terpene blend.

 

An example of this approach is as follows. Perhaps the Ilera THC-only tincture one uses sufficiently addresses the pain benefits with specific dosing, but greater anxiety benefit is sought, perhaps targeting night time use to enhance sleep. In this case one may supplement the THC-only tincture with a CBD product with a blend of terpenes directed at anxiety and insomnia. The dosing of the CBD/terpenes can be modified as desired independently from the dosing of the THC.

 

Optional CBD/terpene products currently available include CarolinaCannabinoid’s “Relax & Sleep” and “Energy & Focus” that are themselves offered as “THC-free.” Terpene-only blends are also available that are formulated to mimic the content of popular marijuana strain (See: Terpenes).

 

For more information on dosing, See: Marijuana Dosing & Marijuana Dosing: “Pot” vs Pharmaceutical Cannabis

 

Ilera Holistic Healthcare:

Ilera THC/CBD Tinctures (30 ml bottles): Shine and Shine+

The Ilera balanced  “Shine” THC/CBD tinctures come in 2 concentrations of balanced proportions of equal amounts of THC and CBD along with the terpenes. The dominant terpenes in these formulations are pinene and limonene (citrus flavored):

    1. 150 mg bottle: 5 mg THC & 5 mg CBD/ml (Shine)
    2. 300 mg bottle: 10 mg THC & 10 mg CBD/ml (Shine+)

 

Ilera THC-only Tinctures (30 ml bottles): THC+ and THC++

The THC-only tinctures come in 2 concentrations (without flavorings, additives, or terpenes):

      1. 300 mg bottle: 10 mg/ml of THC (THC+)
      2. 600 mg bottle: 20 mg/ml of THC (THC++)

 

Wellcana (Good Farm)

The Wellcare tinctures, the balanced THC/CBD and the THC without CBD, are “full spectrum” and contain additional cannabinoids including cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabinol (CBN), Canbachromene (CBC), terpenes and flavonoids. Unfortunately, the marijuana strain from which these terpenes are derived and their actual amounts or ratios found in their products are proprietary and not disclosed. , It iknown that one of the primary strains they grow is Jenny Kush and the most abundant terpenes in Jenny Kush are pinene, followed by caryophyllene and limonene.

 

Because these variables determine the potential therapeutic benefits of the formulations it is not possible to predict their specific efficacy for medical conditions. Additionally, each batch of tinctures has different amounts of the various strains they use. However, Wellcana (Good Farm) only has several strains that they grow and extract from, so each batch of tinctures has the same group of strains but maybe in different amounts resulting in may minor differences in their terpene profiles from batch to batch of tinctures.

 

Wellcana Balanced THC/CBD Tinctures (30 ml bottles):

The Wellcare balanced THC/CBD tinctures come in 2 concentrations of balanced proportions of equal amounts of THC and CBD.  They come in cherry, mint or natural flavors::

      1. 150 mg bottle: 5 mg THC & 5 mg CBD/ml
      2. 300 mg bottle: 10 mg THC & 10 mg CBD/ml

 

Wellcana THC-only Tinctures (30 ml bottles):

Unlike the THC-only tinctures by Ilera that contain no secondary constituents, the Wellcana THC-only tinctures are full spectrum, with naturally occurring terpenes (terpene profile not available), minor cannabinoids (not including CBD) and flavonoids. They are available in cherry, mint, and natural flavors and come in three THC concentrations:

        1. 300 mg bottle: 10 mg/ml of THC
        2. 600 mg bottle: 20 mg/ml of THC
        3. 900 mg bottle: 30 mg/ml of THC

 

Edibles

The only “edible” (specifically made for oral ingestion) THC products currently available in LA are Wellcana’s “gummies.”  Although gummies (or other marijuana-based products in the form of candy or other highly palatable food products) are not recommended, this is not to say that edible forms are not recommended. In fact, orally consumed edible cannabis-based products, particularly those with THC, offer distinct differences and advantages compared to vape products. For many, the orally ingested method of using cannabis based products is preferred for both improved effectiveness and tolerability.

See, Marijuana (Cannabis): Oral Use (Edibles)

 

Tinctures

Tinctures are in fact considered edible products when swallowed and may offer the advantage of both more rapid sublingual absorption followed by a delayed ingested absorption.  But unfortunately the currently available tinctures are lacking in desirable dosing options, meaningful terpene profile information and for many they are not very palatable or well tolerated when used alone.

 

RSO products

The RSO products currently available in liquid form to be used with refillable cartridges for vaping can be orally ingested when mixed with a food product IF very careful attention is paid to dosing.

 

Marijuana Plants or Buds

It is expected that marijuana will become available in plant, or buds, form supposedly in LA in January, 2022. As a plant product it will most likely be smoked or vaped predominately by most people. Although the discussion of the pros and cons of using raw plant products is deferred for now, one advantage may be that more complete constituent profiles will be available compared with the currently available cannabis-based products.

 

Marijuana plants or buds may be prepared in ways to provide oral, edible forms. Recreational marijuana users have developed the culinary use of pot to an art form over the last two decades. In-depth discussion of how to prepare plant and buds for the most effective and palatable use is beyond the scope of this site, but one should be aware that preparation of raw marijuana plant is a viable approach to achieving effective and well-tolerated medical use of cannabis.

See: Marijuana: Oral Use (Edibles)

 

Gummies

Because they taste good and are presented as candy, gummies are not recommended due to their tendency to reinforce unnecessary increased dosing and greater potential for undesirable side effects. Furthermore, edibles are more likely to be accidentally ingested by children, pets or others who may mistake them for food. Does anyone think Percocet should be provided as a gummy?

While gummies will not be recommended/prescribed at Accurate Clinic, the following information is nevertheless provided. After ingesting a gummy it may take a long time (1-2 hours) for the effect to fully kick in, while the duration of effect may persist up to 6-8 hours.

For important information regarding the use of gummies on an empty stomach vs. with food,

See:  Marijuana:(Cannabis) Oral Use (Edibles)

 

The gummies are available in 2 strawberry flavored formulations:

    1. 600 mg bag: THC only (20 mg/piece) Qty: #30/bag
    2. 300 mg bag: THC-CBD (balanced formulation: 10mg THC / 10mg CBD per piece) Qty: #30/bag

 

Vape Products for Inhalation

There are several marijuana-based products designed to be “vaped,” or inhaled. They are provided in cartridges to be inhaled with the use of a vape pen. The advantages of using a vape product versus use of an oral tincture is the vape’s product near immediate entry into the blood stream and rapid therapeutic effects. With vaping, unlike smoking cannabis bud, very little of the product (~5%) dissipates or is exhaled so the use of a vape product does not expose others to significant second hand aerosol. Once again the providers of these products do not describe their specific constituents or their concentrations. In order to at least predict the likely constituents in an effort to gain insight as to the products potential benefits and side effects, data obtained from popular web sites dedicated to informing the public about the different marijuana strains and their reported effects is presented here. These websites include:

  1. www.leafly.com
  2. www.IndustrialHempFarms.com

 

As of this writing there is little definitive evidence of specific benefits for these products and one must rely on anecdotal reports. These products consist of extracts from specific marijuana strains that are expected to have native cannabinoids and terpenes specific to those known to be associated with their specific strains. Some of these products also include the addition of proprietary terpene blends.

 

Vape Cartridges and Vaporizers

Currently there are 3 types of vaporizers are offered in LA dispensaries, the “classic” 510 thread battery, the pod style battery and the all-in-one multi-dose inhalers (MDI).

  1. The 510 thread battery accepts multidose cartridges, pre-filled or manually filled, that screw onto the battery. The battery serves to heat the liquid marijuana distillate product in order to vaprize it so it can be inhaled. There are several pre-filled cartridges available in LA, listed below. The RSO products require manually filling a cartridge prior to screwing it onto the battery. While currently only the Blinc PuffStik 510 thread battery is sold in the LA marijuana pharmacies, there are many commercial 510 thread batteries available elsewhere.
  2. The pod style vaporizer is a proprietary Ilera product which requires specific pod cartridges to be used with an Ilera pod vaporizer. The pod system offers advanced features described below.
  3. Finally, there are All-In-One multi-dose inhalers (MDI) that are disposable devices which are pre-programmed, pre-charged, and pre-filled with a dosage of 0.5g (0.55mL) of standardized extracts of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), minor cannabinoids, flavonoids, and terpenes. These devices have a light display that allows the patient to see the amount of active drug they are inhaling. With each puff during a metered-dosage session, the LED light display shows the milligrams in 0.5mg increments a patient is consuming in real-time. 

 

Cartridges and Pods

Individual cartridges currently available with marijuana-based products can be either pre-filled or manually filled and they come in designed for either use in a 510 thread battery or a pod system. In LA there are multiple distillates made from different strains, each offering their unique therapeutic benefits. See below for in-depth descriptions of each available product.

 

Pre-filled cartridges available for the 510 thread battery:

    1. GrandDaddy Purple (435 mg THC) Indica – not coming soon?
    2. Mimosa Strain (435 mg THC) Hybrid – not coming soon?
    3. Blue Dream (435 mg THC) Sativa-Dominant Hybrid – not oming soon?

 

Products requiring manual filling of cartridges available for the 510 thread battery:

    1. Jenny Kush RSO (710 mg THC per 1cc syringe)
    2. Grease Monkey RSO (710 mg THC per 1cc syringe)
    3. Bruce Banner RSO (710mg THC and 20mg CBD per 1cc syringe)
    4. Lilac Diesel RSO (710mg THC per 1cc syringe)
    5. Alien Rock Candy RSO (760mg THC per 1cc syringe)

 

Po- style cartridges for use with the pod system (Pax):

    1. Freedom with Harlequine Terpene Blend (205 mg THC / 205 mg CBD
    2. THC with Super Soul Diesel Terpene Blend (430 mg THC) Sativa
    3. GrandDaddy Purple (435 mg THC) Indica
    4. Mimosa Strain (435 mg THC) Hybrid
    5. Blue Dream (435 mg THC) Sativa-Dominant Hybrid

 

All in One Inhalers

    1. Bruce Banner  (350 mg THC and 10 mg CBD per inhaler)
    2. Jenny Kush (355 mg THC per inhaler)

 

Vaporizers

(1) 510 Thread Vaporizers (for use with metered dose inhaler cartridges):

    1. Blinc PuffStik

The Blinc PuffStik is a classic stick 510 thread battery that comes in in 2 sizes: the Puffstik L which is larger with a 380mAh battery and the slimmer Puffstik S with a 310mAh battery. Both have a Micro-USB charging port and come with a charging cable.

Products intended to be vaped are provided in cartridges that are connected to a mouth piece and a stick battery base. The cartridges are pre-filled except for the RSO cartridges which are smaller and must be filled by the consumer. The Blinc PuffStik battery has a button that is used to set the dose of the vape: one click provides a low dose accompanied by a blue light, two clicks provides a medium dose accompanied by a green light and a third click provides a large dose accompanied by a red light. It might be helpful to think of the color as coordinating with the heat applied to the product. The blue light is cool and does not vaporize as much product and the red is hot, vaporizing the most product, with the green in the middle.

Blink Puffstik User Guide

Blinc website –  cartridges

Blinc website – Puffstiks

See image of Blinc PuffStik assembled:

See image of Blinc PuffStik dis-assembled:

 

 (2) Pod Vaporizers (for use with pod cartridges):

    1. Pax Era  (Ilera) – Not available at LA cannabis dispensaries
    2. Pax Era Pro (Ilera)

The Pax Era (Ilera)

See: Pax Era Pro User Guide

The Pax Era is a compact, portable vaporizer which utilizes pre-filled pods (specialized cartridges) to deliver cannabis products to the consumer. The unit is constructed from aluminum designed to evenly distribute the heat generated by the battery to vaporize the product and it comes with a charger that can fully charge the unit from dead in about 45 minutes using a Micro-USB port. The Pax Era is not available at LA cannabis dispensaries but can be purchased at other sources.

 

 

While the Pax Era is simple to use, it offers advanced features that includes four temperature settings, with the hotter temperatures providing a larger bolus of product.  The sleek exterior of the device has no buttons or controls; the LED indicator on the front communicates device status. One controls the Pax Era by shaking or tapping it to perform functions such as to change the temperature setting or to view remaining battery life. It also offers an instantaneous heat-up time when you draw on the mouthpiece.

 

The Pax Era pairs via bluetooth with the Pax mobile app on a smartphone where one can set the temperature to a precise degree. There is also a “Session Usage” function, which allows one to measure the length of the vape sessions and gauge how much material has been consumed. With Session Control, one selects a size, and once one reaches the limit of their selected session size, the Pax Era powers off for 30 seconds. To override Session Control, one can remove the pod and reinsert it to reset the device and begin a “new” session. The Pax mobile app can also be used to lock the device to prevent misuse.

 

Additionally, the Pax mobile app offers the “PAXSmart Experience” with use of the PodID™ which povides access to information, including pod ingredients, strain and potency information along with state-regulated test results specific for the pod.

See: sample pod test result

 

The Pax Era Pro (Ilera)

Like the Pax Era, the Pax Era Pro is a sophisticated device that delivers marijuana aerosols with temperature control as well as having lockout capabilities with the use of the PAX App, available on iPhone and Android. What is different between the Era and the Era Pro is that  the Era Pro has the ability to finely control the temperature and thus the dose beyond the limited four temperature settings on the Pax Era. Additionally, the Era Pro allows for Pod memory in which the Pod can “remember” the vaping temperature setting previously saved. Also, The Era Pro recharges through USB-C, not a micro USB, and has a 14% larger battery capacity than the Pax Era.

See: sample pod test result

 

The PAX Pods

Pax’s “SimpleClick” pods are designed specifically for use with the Pax Era vaporizers. The pods come pre-filled with concentrated cannabis oil from one of the brand’s many extract partners and there are currently more than 250 different types of cannabis oil available in Pax Era pods, althought only a few are available in LA.

 

After putting in a cartridge (or pod), into the Pax Era or the Pax Era Pro, via bluetooth the smartphone companion app displays information generally unavailable to the average user. The Era Pro uses proprietary cartridges embedded with an NFC tag. Pax calls this system “PodID,” and the tags are unique to each cartridge. Once the pod is inserted into the vape, using the Pax smartphone app, users can access detailed information, including oil content, strain information and potency (including the Certificate of Analysis), flavor profiles, producer information and state-regulated test results. The pod can be set at a recommended temperature setting which determines the amount/dose of the product released when inhaled and this can be adjusted by the user.

 

How Long a Pod Lasts

Each Pax Era pod contains .5g of cannabis oil. Depending on the size of one’s puffs, a pod can provide 300 to 500 puffs. However, how long a Pax Era pod lasts is different from person to person and depends on three variables:

1. Puff size: The strength and length of the inhalation puff will also influence how much material is vaporized. Because the Pax Era heats up as one draws on the device, longer draws maintain a higher temperature for longer and uses more cannabis oil with each puff.

2. Temperature setting: More material is used on higher temperature settings because higher temperatures increase the amount of material vaporized. Lowering the temperature setting conserves cannabis oil during a session.

3. Session length: Longer sessions generally use more material. The more you puff on your Pax Era, the more cannabis oil will be vaporized. Shorter sessions are more likely to conserve material.

 

 

Ilera Pod Cannabis Products

At this time in LA, the pod system is available only with the Ilera products listed below:

    1. Freedom with Harlequine Terpene Blend (205 mg THC / 205 mg CBD
    2. THC with Super Soul Diesel Terpene Blend (430 mg THC) Sativa
    3. GrandDaddy Purple (435 mg THC) Indica
    4. Mimosa Strain (435 mg THC) Hybrid
    5. Blue Dream (435 mg THC) Sativa-Dominant Hybrid

 

(3) All-in-One Multidose Inhalers – NO LONGER AVAILABLE

The All-in-One Multidose Inhalers come in two strains:  Bruce Banner and Jenny Kush.  There are approximately 350 mg of THC in each inhaler, but the Jenny Kush has a small amount of CBD. Both of these strains are hybrids of sativa and indica suggesting they will be less sedating than a straight indica but more relaxing than a straight sativa. However, the distinction between sativa and indica has grown more and more strained and unreliable due to the huge degree of genetic breeding modifications amongst available strains.

 

One can adjust the puff dose in 0.5 mg increments up to a total dose of 4 mg each puff.  Because the device is “all-in-one,” it cannot be refilled once it’s empty. The battery lasts for approximately 150-200 uses.

 

 

Vape products currently available in LA:

  1. Freedom with Harlequine Terpene Blend  (205 mg THC / 205 mg CBD
  2. THC with Super Soul Diesel Terpene Blend (430 mg THC) Sativa
  3. GrandDaddy Purple (435 mg THC) Indica
  4. Mimosa Strain (435 mg THC) Hybrid
  5. Blue Dream (435 mg THC) Sativa-Dominant Hybrid
  6. Jenny Kush RSO (710 mg THC)
  7. Grease Monkey RSO (710 mg THC)
  8. Bruce Banner RSO (710 mg THC & 20 mg CBD)
  9. Lilac Diesel (710 mg THC)
  10. Alien Rock Candy RSO (760 mg THC)

 

 

For information on dosing, See: Marijuana Dosing & Marijuana Dosing: “Pot” vs Pharmaceutical Cannabis

 

Ilera Vape Products

Freedom with Harlequine Terpene Blend (205 mg THC / 205 mg CBD)

This product is manufactured by Ilera Holistic Healthcare and is available in a 500 mg pod cartridge. Each cartridge contains 205 mg THC and 205 mg CBD*

Freedom Harlequin Terpene Blend is a proprietary medical marijuana formulation made up of THC distillate, CBD Isolate, and Harlequin Terpene Blend.

 

Cannabinoids: Balanced THC and CBD
 

Dominant Terpenes:
The proprietary Ilera Harlequin Terpene Blend “includes Myrcene terpenes, Limonene terpenes, Humulene terpenes.”

*This % may represent an aggregate of THC/CBD, THCa/CBDa, THCb/CBDb within the product. Consumers should review the actual product label for exact % of THC/CBD.

    1. Myrcene is sedating, aids insomnia reduces anxiety. It also helps pain, reduces inflammation and is a muscle relaxant.
    2. Limonene reduces anxiety, is sedating and is synergistic with CBD for these benefits. It is also an antioxidant and may help oxidative stress
    3. Humulene helps pain and is a strongly anti-inflammatory

 

THC + with Super Soul Diesel terpene blend (430 mg THC)

This product is manufactured by Ilera Holistic Healthcare and is available in a 500 mg pod cartridge. Each cartridge contains 430 mg THC and 0 mg CBD*

This is a proprietary medical marijuana formulation made up of THC distillate and Super Sour Diesel Terpene Blend. Super Sour Diesel, also known as “Super Sour” and “Super Diesel” is a sativa-dominant strain with most estimates identifying the sativa/indica split around 85/15%. It was generated by crossing Super Silver Haze with Sour Diesel. This strain is reported to be fast-acting and energizing while promoting creativity. It is believed to be very effective for pain and stress and to be helpful for depression.

 

Anecdotal Reports:

Feelings:
Happy: 56% of people report feeling happy
Energetic: 44% of people report feeling energetic
Uplifted: 50% of people report feeling uplifted

Negatives:
Dry mouth: 31% of people report feeling dry mouth
Dry eyes: 17% of people report feeling dry eyes
Paranoid: 8% of people report feeling paranoid

Helps with:
Stress: 33% of people say it helps with stress
Depression: 25% of people say it helps with depression
Anxiety: 25% of people say it helps with anxiety

 

Cannabinoids: THC: 18-24%; CBD: 0%

Dominant Terpenes:

The Super Sour Diesel proprietary terpene blend “includes Caryophyllene Terpenes, and Limonene terpenes.” The most abundant terpenes in Sour Diesel are caryophyllene, followed by myrcene and limonene (www.leafly.com).

*This % may represent an aggregate of THC/CBD, THCa/CBDa, THCb/CBDb within the product. Consumers should review the actual product label for exact % of THC/CBD.

    1. Caryophyllene is a powerful anti-inflammatory and in especially effective against neuro-inflammation and neuropathic (nerve) pain
    2. Myrcene is sedating, aids insomnia reduces anxiety. It also helps pain, reduces inflammation and is a muscle relaxant.
    3. Limonene reduces anxiety, is sedating and is synergistic with CBD for these benefits. It is also an antioxidant and may help oxidative stress

 

 

GrandDaddy Purple (435 mg THC / 0 mg CBD)

This product is manufactured by Ilera Holistic Healthcare and is available in a 500 mg pod cartridge. Each cartridge contains 435 mg of THC and  0 mg of CBD*

 

GrandDaddy Purple is an indica marijuana strain that goes by many different names, including “Grand Daddy Purp,” “GDP,” and “GrandDaddy Purple Kush.” Its effects are reported to be felt in both mind and body, with a combination of cerebral euphoria and physical relaxation. Like most indicas, this strain has been reported to help one relax and is recommended for daytime or nighttime use. It is one of the most popular indica strains for sleep.  GrandDaddy Purple is typically thought to be effective for chronic pain, stress, insomnia, appetite loss, and muscle spasms.

 

Anecdotal Reports:

Feelings:
Happy: 43% of people report feeling happy
Relaxed: 55% of people report feeling relaxed
Sleepy: 45% of people report feeling sleepy

Negatives:
Dry mouth: 28% of people report feeling dry mouth
Dry eyes: 16% of people report feeling dry eyes
Dizzy: 6% of people report feeling dizzy

Helps with:
Stress: 35% of people say it helps with stress
Pain: 30% of people say it helps with pain
Anxiety: 28% of people say it helps with anxiety

 

Dominant Cannabinoids: THC: 17%; CBG: 0%

Dominant Terpenes:
Ilera GrandDaddy Purple contains GrandDaddy Purple terpene blend (Myrcene, Humulene and Linalool) and True Terpene Viscosity blend (Phytol, Beta-Caryophyllene, D-Limonene, Farnesol and Nerolidol).

    1. Myrcene is sedating, aids insomnia reduces anxiety. It also helps pain, reduces inflammation and is a muscle relaxant.
    2. Humulene helps pain and is a strongly anti-inflammatory
    3. Linalool is especially helpful for anxiety, helps insomnia and reduces pain

 

 

Mimosa Strain Hybrid (435 mg THC)

This product is manufactured by Ilera Holistic Healthcare and is available in a 500 mg pod cartridge. Each cartridge contains 435 mg THC and 0 mg CBD*

 

Mimosa, also known as “Purple Mimosa,” is a hybrid marijuana strain made by crossing Clementine with Purple Punch. In small doses, this strain produces happy, level-headed effects that is reported to  leave one feeling uplifted and motivated. In large doses, Mimosa may make one feel sleepy and relaxed. This strain is believed to help relieve symptoms associated with depression and stress.

 

Anecdotal Reports:

Feelings:
Happy: 46% of people report feeling happy
Energetic: 37% of people report feeling energetic
Uplifted: 46% of people report feeling uplifted

Negatives:
Dry mouth: 17% of people report feeling dry mouth
Dry eyes: 5% of people report feeling dry eyes
Paranoid: 2% of people report feeling paranoid

Helps with:
Stress: 25% of people say it helps with stress
Depression: 24% of people say it helps with depression
Anxiety: 22% of people say it helps with anxiety

 

Cannabinoids: THC: 19%; CBG: 1%

    1. CBG has anti-inflammatory activity, especially when associated with CBD.

 

Dominant Terpenes:
The propietary Ilera Mimosa terpene blend “contains many terpenes including Caryophyllene, Nerolidol, Limonene and Farnesol”.  The most abundant terpenes in Mimosa plant are Myrcene, followed by Pinene and Limonene (www.leafly.com).

    1. Caryophyllene is a powerful anti-inflammatory and in especially effective against neuro-inflammation and neuropathic (nerve) pain
    2. Nerodilol has sedative properties and is useful in insomnia and may help pain.
    3. Limonene reduces anxiety, is sedating and is synergistic with CBD for these benefits. It is also an antioxidant and may help oxidative stress

 

 

Blue Dream (435 mg THC / 0 mg CBD)
This product is manufactured by Ilera Holistic Healthcare and is available in a 500 mg pod cartridge.  Each cartridge contains 435 mg THC and 0 mg CBD*

 

Blue Dream is a blend of Blueberry (indica) with Haze (sativa) to create a sativa-dominant hybrid for treating pain. Blue Dream offers full-body relaxation with mental alertness and is reportedly effective for managing chronic pain without excessive sedation. Blue Dream has a reputation for being one of the best strains for relieving migraine headaches. It is also reported to improve depression and nausea.

 

Anecdotal Reports:
Feelings:
Happy: 56% of people report feeling happy
Euphoric: 51% of people report feeling euphoric
Creative: 37% of people report feeling creative

Negatives:
Dry mouth: 29% of people report feeling dry mouth
Dry eyes: 15% of people report feeling dry eyes
Paranoia: 6% of people report feeling paranoid

Helps with:
Stress: 36% of people say it helps with stress
Depression: 26% of people say it helps with depression
Anxiety: 28% of people say it helps with anxiety

 

Dominant Cannabinoids: THC: 17-24%;  CBD: 0.1-0.2%

Dominant Terpenes:
The propietary Ilera Blue Dream Terpene Blend contains many terpenes, reportedly dominant Myrcene, Pinene, Caryophyllene, and Bisabolol”.

Blue Dream Natural Terpene Blend profile (from industrialhempfarms.com):
Linalool (1.86%), alpha-Pinene (0.68%), Caryophyllene Oxide (0.40%), Caryophyllene (0.11%), Humulene (0.02%), Myrcene (<0.01%), beta-Pinene (<0.01%), Limonene (<0.01%), Terpinolene (<0.01%).
Total Terpenes: 3.07%

    1. Myrcene is sedating, aids insomnia reduces anxiety. It also helps pain, reduces inflammation and is a muscle relaxant.
    2. Pinene has anti-inflammatory and analgesic benefits along with sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic properties 
    3. Caryophyllene is a powerful anti-inflammatory and in especially effective against neuro-inflammation and neuropathic (nerve) pain
    4. Linalool is especially helpful for anxiety, helps insomnia and reduces pain

 

 

Wellcana (Good Day Farm):

RSO Products (710 mg THC)

RSO, also known as Rick Simpson Oil, is a concentrated cannabis oil with high therapeutic potential  because it is a full-spectrum, high-THC, whole-plant extract that retains all components of the cannabis plant, including cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids as well as the fats, chlorophyll and lipids.  It differs from other cannabis oils in that it has a higher content of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and has a thick, syrupy consistency.RSO is usually made from heavy indica strains that are known for producing analgesic, anxiolytic, and sedating whole-body effects and therefore may be very sedating. Additionally, because RSO products typically lack significant amounts of CBD they also lack the benefits of CBD’s contribution to the therapeutic benefits of marijuana which are substantial (See: CBD).  Although not clearly identified by the manufacturer, it is assumed the composition of the RSO products are similar to that of the Wellcana THC tinctures without a carrier oil. 

 

Due to its extremely high THC concentration, RSO is typically recommended for those with conditions that require a high dose of THC and for those who have a high tolerance to THC. The RSO distillate products typically contain 710mg of THC in a 1cc syringe, with a single syringe containing about 20-30 doses of about 25-35 mg of THC.

 

Because of its high potency, it’s important to be very careful when dosing an RSO product. It is not recommended for people inexperienced with marijuana products. One should start with no more than an oil droplet about the size of one grain of rice. As one’s tolerance goes up and the effects begin to seem less potent, the dose can be increased slowly by no more than another amount the size of a grain of rice. Going slowly reduces the likelihood of experiencing any of THC’s unwanted side effects.


Versatility

RSO is an activated formulation that requires no heat to be applied to it in order for it to work. As such it can be used in several different ways and for several different purposes, making it more versatile than most cannabis products and allowing it to potentially treat more than one symptom or condition. Because RSO is a sticky, gooey black oil that is almost tar-like in consistency, it can be applied topically, introduced sublingually and ingested orally.  It is packaged in syringes for storage and easier use:

    1. It can be introduced into a cartridge and vaped, using a 510 threaded battery vaporizer
    2. It can be squeezed out from the syringe and placed under the tongue and held for 2 minutes before swallowing
    3. It can be applied topically onto the skin or over a joint
    4. It can be introduced into foods or liquids and eaten, creating one’s own edibles – bownies, cookies etc.

 

 

 How to Use the Refillable MDI Cartridge with the RSO Syringe

The RSO products are dispensed in a syringe at the dispensary where the staff will demonstrate how to refill the multi-dose (MDI) cartridge. Download instructions sheet (courtesy of The Medicine Cabinet Pharmacy in Alexandria, LA).

 

 

 

RSO Products currently available:

  1. Jenny Kush RSO (710 mg THC)
  2. Grease Monkey RSO (710 mg THC)
  3. Bruce Banner RSO ((710mg THC & 20mg CBD)
  4. Lilac Diesel (710 mg THC)
  5. Alien Rock Candy RSO (760 mg THC)

 

 

Jenny Kush RSO (710mg THC)

There are many different varieties of Kush,” including Jenny Kush, purple Kush, OG Kush, Hindu Kush, and Bubba Kush to name some of the popular ones. Most of these strains are indica-based, originating from the Hindu Kush area of the Himalayas. Most are high in THC content, especially Master Kush which is considered very potent.

Jenny Kush is a hybrid cannabis strain named in memory of Jenny Monson, a cannabis activist who passed away in 2013 and is derived from Amnesia Haze and Rare Dankness. This strain provides a balance of sativa and indica effects, including soothing relaxation with an uplifting burst, Jand is considered to be suitable for use any time of the day.

 

These descriptions, along with those below, are based on usual doses of the marijuana strains and  do not necessarily apply to the more potent RSO formulation of Jenny Kush.

 

Anecdotal Reports:

Feelings:
Happy: 57% of people report feeling happy
Relaxed: 54% of people report feeling relaxed
Uplifted: 48% of people report feeling uplifted

Negatives:
Dry mouth: 17% of people report feeling dry mouth
Dry eyes: 5% of people report feeling dry eyes
Paranoid: 2% of people report feeling paranoid

Helps with:
Stress: 25% of people say it helps with stress
Depression: 24% of people say it helps with depression
Anxiety: 22% of people say it helps with anxiety

 

Dominant Cannabinoids: THC: 25%;  CBG: 2%

    1. CBG has anti-inflammatory activity, especially when associated with CBD.

 

Dominant terpenes:
The most abundant terpenes in Jenny Kush are pinene, followed by caryophyllene and limonene.

    1. Pinene has anti-inflammatory and analgesic benefits along with sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic properties
    2. Caryophyllene is a powerful anti-inflammatory and in especially effective against neuro-inflammation and neuropathic (nerve) pain
    3. Limonene reduces anxiety, is sedating and is synergistic with CBD for these benefits. It is also an antioxidant and may help oxidative stress

 

Grease Monkey RSO (710mg THC)

Grease Monkey is a  hybrid marijuana strain, a cross of GG4 and Cookies and Cream. This strain may help chronic pain, nausea, insomnia and stress.

These descriptions, along with those below, are based on usual doses of the marijuana strains and  do not necessarily apply to the more potent RSO formulation of Grease Monkey.

 

Anecdotal Reports:

Feelings:

Relaxed: 67% of people say it helps with relaxed
Euphoric: 46% of people say it helps with euphoric
Sleepy: 35% of people say it helps with sleepy

Negatives:
Dry mouth: 18% of people report feeling dry mouth
Dry eyes: 8% of people report feeling dry eyes
Dizzy: 3% of people report feeling dizzy

Helps with:
Stress: 24% of people say it helps with stress
Pain: 20% of people say it helps with pain
Anxiety: 19% of people say it helps with anxiety

 

Dominant Cannabinoids: THC 21%;  CBG: 1%

    1. CBG has anti-inflammatory activity, especially when associated with CBD.

 

Dominant Terpenes:
The most abundant terpene in Grease Monkey is caryophyllene.

    1. Caryophyllene is a powerful anti-inflammatory and in especially effective against neuro-inflammation and neuropathic (nerve) pain.

 

Bruce Banner RSO (710mg THC and 20mg CBD per 1cc syringe)

Bruce Banner is a hybrid marijuana strain, also known as “Banner” and “OG Banner,” that is sativa-dominant (60:40 sativa/indica ratio). This strain has a THC content that typically ranges in the 25-29% range, making it one of the strongest cannabis strains with respect to THC. It’s reportedly relaxing, but also contributes to high energy levels which makes this a good daytime strain. Bruce Banner is considered a highly effective for chronic pain, but also good for anxiety, depression, nausea, and sleeplessness.

 

These descriptions, along with those below, are based on usual doses of the marijuana strains and  do not necessarily apply to the more potent RSO formulation of Bruce Banner.

 

Anecdotal Reports:

Feelings:
Happy: 63% of people report feeling happy
Euphoric: 60% of people report feeling euphoric
Creative: 42% of people report feeling creative

Negatives:
Dry mouth: 22% of people report feeling dry mouth
Dry eyes: 13% of people report feeling dry eyes
Dizzy: 6% of people report feeling dizzy

Helps with:
Stress: 30% of people say it helps with stress
Depression: 26% of people say it helps with depression
Pain: 23% of people say it helps with pain

 

Domnant Cannabinoids: THC: 24% – 29%; CBD: 1%; CBN: 1%; CBC: 0.4 – 1.39%; CBG: 0.21 – 2.03%; THCV: 0.3 – 1.12%

    1. CBG has anti-inflammatory activity, especially when associated with CBD.
    2. CBN likely plays a small role in the pharmacologic effects of plant based cannabis products, but may provide pain relief and anti-inflammatory activity.

 

Dominant terpenes:  Linalool: 4.05%; Caryophyllene oxide: 0.88%; Myrcene: 0.37%; beta-Pinene: < 0.01%;  Limonene: < 0.01%  (from analytical360.com)

    1. Linalool is especially helpful for anxiety, helps insomnia and reduces pain
    2. Caryophyllene is a powerful anti-inflammatory and in especially effective against neuro-inflammation and neuropathic (nerve) pain
    3. Myrcene is sedating, aids insomnia reduces anxiety. It also helps pain, reduces inflammation and is a muscle relaxant.

 

 

Lilac Diesel RSO (710mg THC per 1cc syringe)

Lilac Diesel marijuana is a  balanced hybrid, created by Ethos Genetics based in Colorado with a parenting lineage including Silver Lemon Haze with Forbidden Fruit and NYC Cherry Pie with Citral Glue.

Lilac Diesel cannabis has a very high THC content, around 28%, and has been recommended for treating mild pains, nausea and headaches, and to be helpful for controlling mood swings, depression and stress. Some users claim that Lilac Diesel boosts creativity and cerebral stimulation and useful for making up brilliant ideas in art or work.

 

These descriptions, along with those below, are based on usual doses of the marijuana strains and  do not necessarily apply to the more potent RSO formulation of Lilac Diesel.

 

Anecdotal Reports:

Feelings:
Happy: 72% of people report feeling happy
Uplifted:67% of people report feeling uplifted
Relaxed: 55% of people report feeling relaxed

Negatives:
Dry mouth: 9% of people report feeling dry mouth
Anxious: 6% of people report feeling anxious
Dizzy: 10% of people report feeling dizzy

Helps with:
Anxiety: 25% of people say it helps with anxiety
Depression: 28% of people say it helps with depression
Stress: 24% of people say it helps with pain

 

Dominant Cannabinoids:

THC: 25% – 28%; CBD: 0.1-1.04%; CBN: 0.07-0.29%; CBC: 0.11 – 1.27%; CBG: 0.21 – 1.64%; THCV: 0.31 – 1.22%

    1. CBC is a CB2 receptor agonist and may benefit pain and inflammation.
    2. CBG has anti-inflammatory activity, especially when associated with CBD.
    3. CBN likely plays a small role in the pharmacologic effects of plant based cannabis products, but may provide pain relief and anti-inflammatory activity.
       

Dominant Terpenes: The most abundant terpene in Lilac Diesel is terpinolene, followed by caryophyllene and pinene.

    1. Terpinolene is purported to be sedating and calming,
    2. Caryophyllene is a powerful anti-inflammatory and in especially effective against neuro-inflammation and neuropathic (nerve) pain.
    3. Pinene has anti-inflammatory and analgesic benefits along with sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic properties

 

 

Alien Rock Candy RSO (760mg THC per 1cc syringe)

Alien Rock Candy by Alien Genetics is an indica-dominant hybrid (80% Indica with 20% Sativa), reported to provide full relaxation of the mind and body and facilitate sleep. It is also reported to be able to relieve stress, pain, and depression.

These descriptions, along with those below, are based on usual doses of the marijuana strains and  do not necessarily apply to the more potent RSO formulation of Alien Rock Candy.

 

Anecdotal Reports:

Feelings:
Happy: 69% of people report feeling happy
Euphoric:65% of people report feeling euphoric
Relaxed: 87% of people report feeling relaxed

Negatives:
Dry mouth: 23% of people report feeling dry mouth
Dry Eyes: 13% of people report feeling anxious
Dizzy: 5% of people report feeling dizzy

Helps with:
Pain: 35% of people say it helps with pain
Insomnia: 28% of people say it helps with depression
Stress: 35% of people say it helps with stress

Dominant Cannabinoids: THC: 17-23%; CBG: 1%; CBD: 0.48%; CBC: 0.1%; CBN: <0.01%.

    1. CBC is a CB2 receptor agonist and may benefit pain and inflammation.
    2. CBG has anti-inflammatory activity, especially when associated with CBD.

 

Dominant Terpenes:

Humulene: 1.6%; alpha-Pinene: 1.06%; Linalool: 0.89%; Caryophyllene oxide: 0.81%; Caryophyllene: 0.46%; Myrcene: 0.41%.

    1. Humulene helps pain and is a strongly anti-inflammatory
    2. Pinene has anti-inflammatory and analgesic benefits along with sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic properties
    3. Linalool is especially helpful for anxiety, helps insomnia and reduces pain
    4. Caryophyllene is a powerful anti-inflammatory and in especially effective against neuro-inflammation and neuropathic (nerve) pain.
    5. Myrcene is sedating, aids insomnia reduces anxiety. It also helps pain, reduces inflammation and is a muscle relaxant.

Natural Plant/Bud Products

Wellcana (Good Day Farm)

Wellcana, now Good Day Farm, has just released two natural marijuana plant buds, “Grease Monkey” and “Mandarin Zkittles,” available in 1 gm and 3.5 gm amounts every two weeks. As buds, they can be smoked or prepared into edible products. Starting in mid-January, it is expected that the strain, “Lilac Diesel ” will also become available and it is likely that additional strains will become available in the near future possibly including “Jenny Kush,” “Alien Rock Candy” and “Pillow Factory.”

 

The products provided by Good Day Farm should offer consistency over time based on their specific cloning of their plants but the constitutent profiles of plants will always vary somewhat when growing and processing variables are introduced. It is also important to emphasize that the purported therapeutic benefits assigned to various marijuana strains are mostly based on anecdotal evidence from public surveys, usually obtained from popular marijuana websites. The cannabinoid and terpene profiles provide hints as to expected therapeutic benefits but it remains unknown as to the specific amounts of the terpenes are present in current marijuana products. Furthermore, research is still lacking as to definitive therapeutic benefits associated with specific terpenes nor is there an understanding of dosing or preferred route of administration, inhalation, oral or sublingual.

 

These websites include: www.leafly.com, www.AllBud.com, www.Wikmmj.com, AskGrowers.com, IHeartJane.com and others. Actual good quality human research studies evaluating therapeutic benefits of specific marijuana strains are completely lacking largely due to DEA-based legal restraints on THC research.

 

The following is a breakdown of the constituents and purported therapeutic benefits of each strain.

Wellcana (Good Day Farm):

Grease Monkey Flower

Grease Monkey Flyer

Grease Monkey is a sweet Indica-dominant hybrid (70%, 30%) strain, a cross of Gorilla Glue #4 and Cookies & Cream. This strain may help chronic pain, nausea, insomnia and stress. Grease Monkey is a sweet indica hybrid (70%, 30%) strain with earthy and skunky overtones. It has an earthy pungency accented by sugary skunky diesel and a touch of vanilla with a sweet and musky flavor profile that is familiar to Girl Scout Cookies. Grease Monkey is described on  www.leafly.com  that it “may soften the blow of chronic pain, nausea, and stress, providing deep relaxation that will naturally lead some consumers toward sleep, so mind your dosage.” On www.AllBud,com Grease Monkey is described as “the perfect choice to treat conditions such as chronic pain, appetite loss or nausea, insomnia, headaches or migraines, and inflammation”.

 

These descriptions, along with those below, are based on usual doses of the marijuana strains and  do not necessarily apply to the Wellcana (Good Day Farm) strain.

 

Anecdotal Reports:

from www.leafly.com:

Feelings:

Relaxed: 67% of people say it helps with relaxed
Euphoric: 46% of people say it helps with euphoric
Sleepy: 35% of people say it helps with sleepy

Negatives:
Dry mouth: 18% of people report feeling dry mouth
Dry eyes: 8% of people report feeling dry eyes
Dizziness: 3% of people report feeling dizzy

Helps with:
Stress: 24% of people say it helps with stress
Pain: 20% of people say it helps with pain
Anxiety: 19% of people say it helps with anxiety

 

Dominant Cannabinoids: THC 21%;  CBG: 1%

      1. CBG has anti-inflammatory activity, especially when associated with CBD.

 

Dominant Terpenes:
The most abundant terpene in Grease Monkey is caryophyllene, followed by limonene, myrcene and  humulene..

      1. Caryophyllene is a powerful anti-inflammatory and in especially effective against neuro-inflammation and neuropathic (nerve) pain.
      2. Limonene reduces anxiety, is sedating and is synergistic with CBD for these benefits. It is also an antioxidant and may help oxidative stress
      3. Myrcene is sedating, aids insomnia reduces anxiety. It also helps pain, reduces inflammation and is a muscle relaxant.
      4. Humulene helps pain and is a strongly anti-inflammatory

 

Mandarin Zkittlez Flower

Mandarin Zkittles Flyer (pending)

Mandarin Zkittles (also known as Mandarin Zkittlez) is a slightly indica dominant hybrid strain (60% indica, 40% sativa) created by crossing California Black Rosé and Mandarin Sunset. Known for its super tasty flavor, Mandarin Zkittles has a sweet citrusy and fruity grape flavor. The aroma takes a spicier turn, with peppery grapefruit and herbs blending together beautifully. Purported benefits: “Lifted and relaxed with a touch of energy.” It is described on www.leafly.com as “Perfect for pain relief and naps, just pain relief and gentle sedation.” On www.allbud.com Mandarin Zkittlez is described as having “an edge in treating those suffering from chronic pain, autism, spasticity, cramps or muscle spasms depression and chronic stress”.

 

These descriptions, along with those below, are based on usual doses of the marijuana strains and  do not necessarily apply to the Wellcana (Good Day Farm) strain.

 

Anecdotal Reports:

from www.leafly.com:

Feelings:

Relaxed: 70% of people say it helps with relaxed
Euphoric: 50% of people say it helps with euphoric
Sleepy: 50% of people say it helps with sleepy

Negatives:
Dry mouth: 30% of people report feeling dry mouth
Dry eyes: 20% of people report feeling dry eyes
Anxious: 10% of people report feeling anxious

Helps with:
Eye pressue (glaucoma): 20% of people say it helps with glaucome
Cramps: 10% of people say it helps with cramps
Depression: 10% of people say it helps with depression

 

Dominant Cannabinoids: THC 19% CBG 1%  

  1. CBG has anti-inflammatory activity, especially when associated with CBD.

 

Dominant Terpenes:
The most abundant terpene in Mandarin Zkittles is myrcene, followed by limonene and caryophyllene (per Good Day Farm).

  1. Myrcene is sedating, aids insomnia reduces anxiety. It also helps pain, reduces inflammation and is a muscle relaxant.
  2. Limonene reduces anxiety, is sedating and is synergistic with CBD for these benefits. It is also an antioxidant and may help oxidative stress
  3. Caryophyllene is a powerful anti-inflammatory and in especially effective against neuro-inflammation and neuropathic (nerve) pain.

 

 

Grease Monkey Popcorn Flower

More info coming very soon…

 

 

Mandarin Cookies Flower

More info coming very soon…

See: www.leafly.com:

 

 

Selecting the Best Vape/Plant Product for Personal Needs

Within the limitations of this section, recommendations will focus on those patients seeking benefit from marijuana-based vape products for:

  1. Pain Only
  2. Pain and Anxiety
  3. Pain and Sleep
  4. Pain, Anxiety and Sleep
  5. Anxiety
  6. Anxiety and Sleep

 

(1) Pain Only

First choice for treating pain only

Since THC and CBD are likely the most powerful constituents for pain, the combination of THC and CBD is likely to be more effective than either THC or CBD alone. The additional benefit of adding CBD to THC is that CBD is believed to not only enhance the therapeutic benefits of THC (the “Entourage Effect”), CBD also suppresses some of the side effects of THC including cognitive impairment and nausea. Therefore, unless one does not tolerate the sedation associated with CBD, the “Freedom with Harlequine Terpene Blend“ (205 mg THC / 205 mg CBD) vape formulation is the only one with both THC and CBD and therefore is recommended to be the first vape product to try when the therapeutic focus is pain. The proprietary Ilera Harlequin Terpene Blend reportedly “includes Myrcene, Limonene and Humulene terpenes.” Arguably this list is not the best selection of terpenes for pain, the myrcene and limonene are noted to have pain benefits.

Furthermore, the Harlequin strain of marijuana does had a good reputation for pain management regarding arthritis pain, fibromyalgia, nerve pain, muscle and joint pain, menstrual cramps and also nausea. While not listed by the manufacturer, the Harlequin strain is reported to contain the following terpenes (those in bold are known for pain benefit): alpha-Pinene (0.309%), Myrcene (0.298%), Caryophyllene (0.238%), beta-Pinene (0.099%), Humulene (0.082%), Limonene (0.058%), Linalool (0.010%), Terpinolene (<0.002%), Ocimene (<0.002%). Based on this list the Harlequin profile of terpenes does argue for benefit for pain. Given the limitation of “propretary” acknowledgement, there may be a good additional terpene argument for the “Freedom with Harlequine Terpene Blend”  vape product as a first choice for pain management.

 

2nd choice for treating pain only

Blue Dream (435 mg THC / 0 mg CBD) is arguably the next best recommendation for treating pain. The Blue Dream marijuana strain has a good reputation for effectiveness for pain and its terpene profile has a strong representation of terpenes thought to be helpful for pain including Myrcene, Pinene, Caryophyllene reported by the manufacturer while other terpenes reported by independent sources to be in the Blue Dream terpene profile include Linalool, Humulene and Limonene. If one elects to use Blue Dream for the management of pain,considering supplementation with a secondary over the counter CBD product to add the CBD benefits would make sense.

 

(2) Pain and Anxiety

First choice for treating pain and anxiety

The same argument used for recommending Freedom with Harlequine Terpene Blend“ to be the first choice for treating pain applies also to the treatment of pain and anxiety. It is well established that CBD is effective for treating anxiety and is possibly the most effective constituent found in marijuana for anxiety. Oral dosing of CBD has been shown to be useful for treating anxiety at doses ranging from 10 mg to 175 mg and sometimes even up to 500 mg/day. The terpenes in Freedom that are effective for anxiety include Caryophyllene, Myrcene, and Pinene (and possibly Linalool and Limonene). See: Terpenes

2nd choice for treating pain and anxiety

In the absence of CBD and the lack of disclosure regarding other cannabionoid present, predicting which vape product may be 2nd best for anxiety is solely based on the terpene profile. Unfortunately, while certain terpenes have been identified as being effective for anxiety there is essentially no information regarding dosing or the impact of different combinations and ratios of terpenes. – to be finished soon

 

 

 

 

Topical Products to Apply to the Skin

Marijuana-related medications act on the body primarily through the Endocannabinoid System (ECS), a nerve/hormone system present all throughout the body (See: Endocannabinoid System) . These actions are primarily carried out via the medications interacting with cannabinoid receptors associated with the ECS. There are several different cannabinoid receptors in the ECS, but the CB1 and CB2 receptors are the best known.

 

CB1 receptors are mostly found in the nervous system but are also found to a lesser extent in the skin. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) interacts primarily with the CB1 receptors. CB2 receptors are mainly found in the skin, organs and immune cells. and respond indirectly to cannabidiol (CBD), as well as other cannabinoids and terpenes (especially β-Caryophyllene). Topical marijuana products act mostly through the CB1 and CB2 receptors in the skin because they do not penetrate systemically to reach the brain. Therefoe they can be therapeutically effective without the intoxication, euphoria or sedation associated with the systemic exposure that is associated with ingesting or inhaling marijuana products.

 

Topical marijuana based products can be helpful for arthritic joint pain, tendonitis, muscle soreness, tightness and spasm, headaches and skin conditions such as such as eczema and psoriasis. Products with β-Caryophyllene may also help with sensitivity to cold as well as the nerve pain associated with peripheral neuropathy or with injured nerves including chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS).

 

Topical Marijuana-Based Products

In LA, currently available topical preparations are provided in 2 oz jars or 50 ml pumps and are typically applied to affected areas 1-4 x/day. These products have generally been reported by patients to be helpful for pain, especially joint pain but also neck and back pain. It should be noted however that these products all contain THC in significant amounts which contributes to their relatively high cost. Studies are lacking as to whether the THC components of these creams are truly important in their contribution to the therapeutic effects of these products. Alternative over-the-counter products with CBD and terpenes (but no THC) are also available at significantly less expense yet they may offer equivalent or superior benefits.

See:

Terpenes: Caryophyllene (topical products)

Marijuana (Cannabis): Topicals (coming soon)

 

Topical marijuana products currently available are provided in four THC/CBD formulations:

 

Illera Topical Products:

    1. THC:CBD Topical 5:1  (125 mg THC and 25 mg CBD, Whole plant extraction with Caryophyllene & Humulene per 2 oz/60 cc jar) – Soothe
    2. THC:CBD Topical 2:1  (100 mg THC and 50 mg CBD, Whole plant extraction with Linalool & Terpinolene per 2 oz/60 cc jar) – Breathe

 

Wellcana Topical Products:

Wellcana topicals reportedly have a variety of sources for their constituents but do include a signifcant contribution from the Jenny Kush strain of cannabis which contains pinene, caryophyllene and limonene. No additional information as to other constituents in their products is available.

    1. CBD:THC Topical 1:1 – (300mg CBD and 300mg THC per 50 cc pump dispenser)
    2. CBD:THC Topical 2:1 – (600mg CBD and 300mg THC per 50 cc pump dispenser)

 

 

Resources:

National Academy of Sciences

The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research

 

These lay-person websites appear to be good resources for exploring medical marijuana:

  1. www.GreenCamp.com
  2. www.Healer.com
  3. www.MedicalJane.com
  4. www.ProjectCBD.org
  5. analytical360.com
  6. www.leafly.com

 

 

References:

Epidiolex (cannabidiol)

  1. FDA approves CBD drug – Epidiolex – The Washington Post

 

Marinol (dronabinol)

  1. Marinol – dronabinol

 

 Marijuana – Sativs vs Indica

  1. The Cannabinoid Content of Legal Cannabis in Washington State Varies Systematically Across Testing Facilities and Popular Consumer Products – 2018

 

Medical Marijuana – Federal Law

  1. The legal status of cannabis (marijuana) and cannabidiol (CBD) under U.S. law – 2017

 

 

Medical Marijuana – Dosing

  1. Practical considerations in medical cannabis administration and dosing – 2018
  2. Measuring cannabis consumption – Psychometric properties of the Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Inventory (DFAQ-CU) – 2017
  3. Quantifying Cannabis – A Field Study of Marijuana Quantity Estimation – 2018
  4. Bayesian inference for the distribution of grams of marijuana in a joint. – PubMed – NCBI – 2016
  5. Delphi Consensus – recommendations on dosing and administration of medical cannabis to treat chronic pain – results of a modified Delphi process – 2021
  6. Delphi Consensus – A cannabis oracle? Delphi method not a substitute for randomized controlled trials of cannabinoids as therapeutics – 2021
  7. Delphi Consensus – Clinical experience and COI disclosures
  8. Delphi Consensus – Dosing and Administration of Medical Cannabis- Physician Survey
  9. Delphi Consensus – Virtual Voting Round 2 Results Delphi Consensus – Voting Round 1 Results
  10. Consensus‐based recommendations for titrating cannabinoids and tapering opioids for chronic pain control – 2021

 

Medical Marijuana – Louisiana Law

  1. Louisiana-2016-SB180-Chaptered
  2. HOUSE BILL NO. 225 – 2017 Regular Session
  3. Louisiana medical marijuana expansion bill signed into law – May 20, 2016
  4. Now in Effect, Louisiana Medical Marijuana Law Shields Patients and Caregivers from Prosecution – Aug 5, 2016
  5. Louisiana-2016-SB180-Chaptered

 

Cannabidiol (CBD)- Overviews

  1. CANNABIDIOL (CBD) Pre-Review Report WHO 2017
  2. Cannabidiol – State of the art and new challenges for therapeutic applications. – 2017 PubMed – NCBI

 

CBD – Anxiety

  1. Overlapping Mechanisms of Stress-Induced Relapse to Opioid Use Disorder and Chronic Pain – Clinical Implications – 2016
  2. Cannabidiol Modulates Fear Memory Formation Through Interactions with Serotonergic Transmission in the Mesolimbic System – 2016
  3. Cannabidiol regulation of emotion and emotional memory processing: relevance for treating anxiety-related and substance abuse disorders. – PubMed – NCBI
  4. Review of the neurological benefits of phytocannabinoids – 2018
  5. Plastic and Neuroprotective Mechanisms Involved in the Therapeutic Effects of Cannabidiol in Psychiatric Disorders – 2017
  6. Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report. – PubMed – NCBI
  7. Evidences for the Anti-panic Actions of Cannabidiol – 2017
  8. Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an anxiolytic drug – 2012
  9. Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients – 2011

 

CBD – Interaction with THC

  1. Cannabidiol: a promising drug for neurodegenerative disorders? – PubMed – NCBI
  2. Oral Cannabidiol does not Alter the Subjective, Reinforcing or Cardiovascular Effects of Smoked Cannabis – 2015
  3. Taming THC – potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects – 2011
  4. A tale of two cannabinoids: the therapeutic rationale for combining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. – PubMed – NCBI

 

 

CBD – Metabolites

  1. Human Metabolites of Cannabidiol – A Review on Their Formation, Biological Activity, and Relevance in Therapy – 2016

 

CBD – Drug-Metabolic Interactions

  1. Cannabidiol, a Major Phytocannabinoid, As a Potent Atypical Inhibitor for CYP2D6 – 2011
  2. The Effect of CYP2D6 Drug-Drug Interactions on Hydrocodone Effectiveness – 2014 
  3. Characterization of P-glycoprotein Inhibition by Major Cannabinoids from Marijuana – 2006

 

Medical Marijuana – Prescribing Guidelines

  1. Simplified guideline for prescribing medical cannabinoids in primary care – Canadian Family Physician – 2018
  2. Physician Recommendation of Medical Cannabis Guidelines Calif Medical Assoc – 2011
  3. Prescribing smoked cannabis for chronic noncancer pain. Preliminary recommendations – Canadian Family Physician – 2014

 

 

Medical Marijuana – Opioids

  1. Use-of-Prescription-Pain-Medications-Among-Medical-Cannabis-Patients
  2. It is premature to expand access to medicinal cannabis in hopes of solving the US opioid crisis – 2018
  3. Patterns of medicinal cannabis use, strain analysis, and substitution effect among patients with migraine, headache, arthritis, and chronic pain in a medicinal cannabis cohort – 2018
  4. Patterns and correlates of medical cannabis use for pain among patients prescribed long-term opioid therapy. – PubMed – NCBI
  5. Associations between medical cannabis and prescription opioid use in chronic pain patients – A preliminary cohort study – 2017
  6. The prevalence and significance of cannabis use in patients prescribed chronic opioid therapy: a review of the extant literature. – PubMed – NCBI
  7. The use of cannabis in response to the opioid crisis: A review of the literature. – PubMed – NCBI
  8. Medical Cannabis Laws and Opioid Analgesic Overdose Mortality in the United States, 1999–2010 – 2014
  9. Rationale for cannabis-based interventions in the opioid overdose crisis – 2017
  10. Cannabis and the Opioid Crisis – 2018
  11. Impact of co-administration of oxycodone and smoked cannabis on analgesia and abuse liability. – PubMed – NCBI
  12. Cannabinoid–Opioid Interaction in Chronic Pain
  13. Synergistic interactions between cannabinoid and opioid analgesics. – PubMed – NCBI
  14. FDA approves CBD drug – Epidiolex – The Washington Post

 

Medical Marijuana, Chronic Pain – Cannabinoids & Palmitoylethanolamide

  1. Therapeutic utility of palmitoylethanolamide in the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with various pathological conditions – a case series – 2012
  2. Palmitoylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid, is an orally effective intestinal anti-inflammatory agent – 2013
  3. Cannabinoid-based drugs targeting CB1 and TRPV1, the sympathetic nervous system, and arthritis – 2015
  4. Fatty acid amide hydrolase: biochemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic possibilities for an enzyme hydrolyzing anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol,… – PubMed – NCBI 2001
  5. Endocannabinoid-related compounds in gastrointestinal diseases – 2018
  6. ‘Entourage’ effects of N-palmitoylethanolamide and N-oleoylethanolamide on vasorelaxation to anandamide occur through TRPV1 receptors – 2008
  7. Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids- An Option for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Ca
    ncer of the Colon? – 2018
  8. Effects of homologues and analogues of palmitoylethanolamide upon the inactivation of the endocannabinoid anandamide – 2001
  9. Phytocannabinoids beyond the Cannabis plant – do they exist? – 2010
  10. Palmitoylethanolamide, endocannabinoids and related cannabimimetic compounds in protection against tissue inflammation and pain: potential use in c… – PubMed – NCBI
  11. Cannabinoids as pharmacotherapies for neuropathic pain – from the bench to the bedside. – 2009
  12. Correction – Effect of a new formulation of micronized and ultramicronized N-palmitoylethanolamine in a tibia fracture mouse model of complex regional pain syndrome – 2018
  13. Palmitoylethanolamide induces microglia changes associated with increased migration and phagocytic activity – involvement of the CB2 receptor – 2017
  14. Mast cells, glia and neuroinflammation – partners in crime? – 2013
  15. A Pharmacological Rationale to Reduce the Incidence of Opioid Induced Tolerance and Hyperalgesia – A Review – 2018

 

Medical Marijuana –Misc

  1. A tale of two cannabinoids: the therapeutic rationale for combining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. – PubMed – NCBI
  2. Cannabis and cannabis extracts – greater than the sum of their parts? – 2001
  3. Medical cannabis and mental health: A guided systematic review. 2016 – PubMed – NCBI
  4. Epidemiological characteristics, safety and efficacy of medical cannabis in the elderly. – PubMed – NCBI
  5. Cannabis-conclusions – 2017 National Academy of Sciences
  6. Cannabis-chapter-highlights – 2017 National Academy of Sciences
  7. Cannabis-report-highlights – 2017 National Academy of Sciences
  8. Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency (CECD): Can this Concept Explain Therapeutic Bene ts of Cannabis in Migraine, Fibromyalgia, Irritable Bowel Syndrome and other Treatment-Resistant Conditions?-2004
  9. Marijuana use and the risk of lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancers: results of a population-based case-control study. – PubMed – NCBI
  10. Cannabis use and cognitive function: 8-year trajectory in a young adult cohort. – PubMed – NCBI
  11. Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. – PubMed – NCBI
  12. Cannabinoids and Cytochrome P450 Interactions. – PubMed – NCBI Pharmacogenetics of Cannabinoids – 2018
  13. Systematic review of systematic reviews for medical cannabinoids – 2018
  14. Adverse effects of medical cannabinoids – a systematic review – 2008
  15. Cannabimimetic effects modulated by cholinergic compounds. – PubMed – NCBI
  16. Antagonism of marihuana effects by indomethacin in humans. – PubMed – NCBI
  17. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids. – PubMed – NCBI
  18. Clinical Pharmacodynamics of Cannabinoids – 2004
  19. Affinity and Efficacy Studies of Te
    trahydrocannabinolic Acid A at Cannabinoid Receptor Types One and Two. – 2017
  20. Quality Control of Traditional Cannabis Tinctures – Pattern, Markers, and Stability – 2016
  21. Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. – PubMed – NCBI
  22. Pharmacology of Cannabinoids
  23. Current-status-and-future-of-cannabis-research-Clin-Researcher-2015
  24. Medical Marijuana for Treatment of Chronic Pain and Other Medical and Psychiatric Problems – A Clinical Review – 2015

 

Medical Marijuana – Products

Medical Marijuana – Product Evaluation

  1. The Cannabinoid Content of Legal Cannabis in Washington State Varies Systematically Across Testing Facilities and Popular Consumer Products – 2018
  2. Quality Control of Traditional Cannabis Tinctures – Pattern, Markers, and Stability – 2016

 

Medical Marijuana – Flower/Bud Products

Wellcana (Good Day Farm):

  1. Grease Monkey Flyer
  2. Lilac Diesel Flyer

 

Medical Marijuana – Topical Products

  1. Soothe Flyer
  2. Breathe Flyer

 

 

Emphasis on Education

 

Accurate Clinic promotes patient education as the foundation of it’s medical care. In Dr. Ehlenberger’s integrative approach to patient care, including conventional and complementary and alternative medical (CAM) treatments, he may encourage or provide advice about the use of supplements. However, the specifics of choice of supplement, dosing and duration of treatment should be individualized through discussion with Dr. Ehlenberger. The following information and reference articles are presented to provide the reader with some of the latest research to facilitate evidence-based, informed decisions regarding the use of conventional as well as CAM treatments.

 

For medical-legal reasons, access to these links is limited to patients enrolled in an Accurate Clinic medical program.

 

Should you wish more information regarding any of the subjects listed – or not listed –  here, please contact Dr. Ehlenberger. He has literally thousands of published articles to share on hundreds of topics associated with pain management, weight loss, nutrition, addiction recovery and emergency medicine. It would take years for you to read them, as it did him.

 

For more information, please contact Accurate Clinic.

 

Supplements recommended by Dr. Ehlenberger may be purchased commercially online or at Accurate Clinic.

Please read about our statement regarding the sale of products recommended by Dr. Ehlenberger.

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