Nutraceuticals: 

Boswellia for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide

Boswellia serrata (Indian frankincense) is a natural, anti-inflammatory herbal extract used to manage chronic pain, particularly for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and joint pain. A recent meta-analysis concluded that Boswellia is the most effective nutritional supplement for knee osteoarthritis pain and stiffness. Research suggests it may be as effective as some standard pain medications (like NSAIDs) with fewer side effects.

 

See:  

       Nutraceutical Patient Guides:

  1. Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC) for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide
  2. Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide
  3. Boswellia for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide
  4. CoQ10 for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide
  5. Curcumin for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide
  6. Magnesium for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide
  7. Melatonin for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide
  8. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide
  9. Nicotinamide Riboside (NAD+ Precursors) for Chronic Pain
  10. Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide
  11. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) for Chronic Pain- A Patient Guide
  12. Quercetin for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide
  13. Resveratrol for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide
  14. Sulforaphane (SFN) for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide
  15. Taurine for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide
  16. Vitamin D for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide

 

 

 

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Definitions and Terms Related to Pain

Boswellia for Chronic Pain: A Patient Guide

1. OVERVIEW

Boswellia serrata (Indian frankincense) is a gum resin extract derived from the Boswellia tree, used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine. The active compounds, boswellic acids, have potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The European Medicines Agency has classified Boswellia extract as an “orphan drug” for peritumoral brain edema.[1]

What makes Boswellia valuable for chronic pain:

  • Reduces inflammation through multiple pathways – Boswellia blocks several key inflammatory processes in the body, including the production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins (chemical messengers that cause pain and swelling). Unlike NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, Boswellia does not interfere with the protective lining of the stomach.[1][2][3][4][5]
  • Protects and may help rebuild cartilage – Boswellia slows down the enzymes that break down cartilage in joints and may actually help stimulate new cartilage formation, making it particularly useful for arthritis.[6][7]
  • Calms inflammation in the nervous system – Boswellia can reduce inflammation in the brain and spinal cord, which may help with pain conditions that involve sensitized nerves.[8][9]
  • Acts as an antioxidant – Boswellia activates the body’s natural antioxidant defenses, helping to reduce cellular damage that contributes to chronic pain.[10][11]
  • Supports brain chemistry involved in pain control – Boswellia may help restore balance to neurotransmitters (brain chemicals) like serotonin, dopamine, and GABA that play a role in how we experience pain.[10][12]
  • Supports cellular energy production – Boswellia helps maintain healthy mitochondria (the “power plants” of our cells), which is important because mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a factor in chronic pain conditions.[13]

How Boswellia Compares to Conventional Medications:

  • A 2025 network meta-analysis found that Boswellia had the highest probability of being the most effective nutritional supplement for knee osteoarthritis pain and stiffness when compared to curcumin, collagen, ginger, krill oil, vitamin D, and eggshell membrane.[14]
  • A Cochrane review found high-quality evidence that enriched Boswellia extract reduced pain by 17 points on a 100-point VAS scale compared to placebo, with a number needed to treat (NNT) of 2.[15] This NNT compares favorably to conventional osteoarthritis treatments: oral NSAIDs have an NNT of approximately 4-6 for osteoarthritis pain relief, and acetaminophen has an NNT of approximately 5-6.
  • A 2024 multi-center RCT demonstrated that standardized Boswellia extract (100 mg twice daily) showed significant improvements within 5 days of treatment initiation, with continued improvement through 90 days. Pain scores improved by 40-50% from baseline, and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP) were significantly reduced.[16]
  • Safety advantages over NSAIDs: Unlike NSAIDs, Boswellia does not inhibit COX-1, which is responsible for maintaining the protective gastric mucosa. This means Boswellia is expected to have better gastrointestinal tolerability without the ulcerogenic effects of traditional NSAIDs.[1] Boswellia also lacks the cardiovascular risks (increased MI and stroke risk) associated with both selective COX-2 inhibitors and non-selective NSAIDs. Clinical trials report adverse events similar to or lower than placebo groups, with no serious adverse events reported.[15]
  • Limitations: Boswellic acids have poor native bioavailability, particularly AKBA, which limits clinical efficacy unless enhanced formulations (lecithin/phytosome, micellar) are used.[1][17][18] The evidence base, while growing, is smaller than for NSAIDs, and most high-quality trials focus on osteoarthritis rather than other chronic pain conditions.

2. DIETARY SOURCES

  • Boswellia is not found in dietary sources; it is obtained exclusively from the gum resin of Boswellia trees
  • The resin contains more than 12 different boswellic acids, with 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) and acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) being the most pharmacologically active[17]
  • Supplementation is required to achieve therapeutic doses
  • Bioavailability of boswellic acids is naturally poor, particularly for AKBA, which has very low absorption[1]
  • Absorption of KBA and AKBA is increased more than twice when taken with a high-fat meal[17]

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3. INDICATIONS FOR BOSWELLIA SUPPLEMENTATION

Pain Conditions with Moderate to High Quality Evidence:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA): Knees and hips are best studied; meta-analyses show significant improvements in pain, stiffness, and function; Cochrane review found NNT of 2 for enriched extracts[14][15][19]
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical studies show symptom improvement in 60-70% of cases[17]
  • Fibromyalgia: Preclinical evidence shows benefits for widespread musculoskeletal pain through antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms[10][13]

Other Inflammatory Conditions with Clinical Evidence:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, collagenous colitis)[17][20]
  • Bronchial Asthma[17][20]
  • Brain tumor-related edema (orphan drug status in Europe)[1]
  • Multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and gingivitis[3]

4. BOSWELLIA’S IMPACT ON PAIN CONDITIONS

Boswellia impacts damaged or dysfunctional tissues through multiple mechanisms:

  • Osteoarthritis: Boswellia reduces inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP) in the joint and protects cartilage from degradation.[16][21] It inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3, MMP-13) that break down cartilage and reduces cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a marker of cartilage destruction.[6] Clinical trials show increased collagen synthesis markers (PIIANP, PIICP), suggesting cartilage regeneration. Radiographic assessments have shown improved knee joint gap and reduced osteophytes with 120 days of treatment.[7]
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis: Boswellia reduces circulating anti-collagen antibodies and preserves extracellular matrix proteins in joints. It inhibits collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase enzymes while enhancing hyaluronan levels in synovial fluid.[3][17]
  • Fibromyalgia: Boswellia addresses the neuronutritional deficits and oxidative stress associated with fibromyalgia through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 antioxidant pathway. It reduces neuroinflammation and restores neurotransmitter balance, addressing both peripheral and central components of fibromyalgia pain.[10][13]

5. BOSWELLIA’S IMPACT ON PAIN PROCESSING

Pain processing refers to how pain signals travel from the initial damaged tissue through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain and back down again. Boswellia has demonstrated effects at multiple levels of pain processing, particularly through its anti-neuroinflammatory actions.

Level 1 – Peripheral Pain Receptor (Nociception Transduction):

Boswellic acids inhibit 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and reduce leukotriene B4 production, decreasing peripheral sensitization of pain receptors[3][4][5]

Level 2 – Primary Afferent Transmission to Spinal Cord:

Boswellia reduces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) through inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1), decreasing inflammatory signals transmitted along primary afferent nerves[1]

Level 3 – Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn Processing (First Synapse):

AKBA counteracts neuroinflammation by modulating miRNA-155 and increasing SOCS-1 expression in the spinal cord, reducing central inflammatory signaling[9]

Level 4 – Ascending Spinal Pathways and Supraspinal Processing:

Boswellia reduces neuroinflammation through inhibition of NF-κB and the TLR4/PI3K/AKT pathway, affecting ascending pain transmission[8][12]

Level 5 – Brain Cortical Processing and Pain Perception:

AKBA has neuroprotective effects, reducing neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction associated with chronic pain states[22][23]

Level 6 – Descending Pain Modulation:

Boswellia restores neurotransmitter levels (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin) and increases GABA, potentially enhancing descending inhibitory pain control[10][12]

6. BENEFITS FOR PAIN SENSITIZATION

  • Peripheral Sensitization: Rating of MODERATE quality evidence; Boswellia inhibits 5-LOX and reduces leukotrienes and prostaglandins that sensitize peripheral nociceptors[3][4]
  • Central Sensitization: Rating of LOW-MODERATE quality evidence; preclinical studies show Boswellia reduces spinal cord neuroinflammation, microglial activation, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) that drive central sensitization[8][9][12]

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7. BOSWELLIA’S IMPACT ON THE 4 DRIVING FORCES OF CHRONIC PAIN

1. Systemic Inflammation: STRONG EFFECT

    1. Inhibits multiple inflammatory pathways including 5-LOX (reducing leukotrienes), mPGES-1 (reducing prostaglandins), and NF-κB (reducing cytokine production)[2][3][17]
    2. Clinical trials demonstrate reduced serum TNF-α, IL-6, and hs-CRP levels[16][21]
    3. Reduces circulating anti-collagen antibodies in autoimmune conditions[3]

2. Neuroinflammation: MODERATE EFFECT (primarily preclinical)

    1. AKBA inhibits neuroinflammation by modulating miRNA-155[9]
    2. Reduces microglial activation and decreases inflammatory mediators in the CNS[8][12]
    3. Prevents astrogliosis and reduces GFAP expression[12]
    4. Inhibits TLR4/PI3K/AKT pathway in neural tissue[8]

3. Oxidative Stress: STRONG EFFECT (primarily preclinical)

    1. Activates the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 antioxidant pathway[10][11][24]
    2. Reduces lipid peroxidation (MDA)[12][25]
    3. Increases glutathione (GSH) levels[25][26]
    4. Enhances superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities[12][25]

4. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: MODERATE EFFECT (primarily preclinical)

    1. Restores mitochondrial membrane potential[11][13]
    2. Increases citrate synthase and cytochrome-c oxidase activity[13]
    3. Upregulates PGC-1α (mitochondrial biogenesis)[13]
    4. Increases CoQ10 levels[13]

 

8. DOSING, TIMING, DURATION AND ADMINISTRATION

Dosing:

    1. Enriched extracts (standardized to 30% AKBA): 100-300 mg twice daily[15][16]
    2. Standard extracts: 300-500 mg two to three times daily (total 600-1500 mg/day)[17]
    3. Clinical trials have used doses ranging from 100 mg to 999 mg daily[15]
    4. Administration: Take with a high-fat meal to increase absorption more than 2-fold[17]
    5. Frequency: Typically twice daily dosing[16]

When to Expect Results: Improvements may be seen as early as 5 days, with continued improvement through 90 days[16]

Duration: Minimum treatment duration of at least 4 weeks recommended; studies up to 120 days show continued benefit[7]

9. FORMULATION CONSIDERATIONS

  • Standardized Extracts: Look for products standardized to contain 30% AKBA (acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid) along with other β-boswellic acids[16]
  • Lecithin/Phytosome Formulations: Lecithin complexes (e.g., Casperome™) increase plasma levels up to 7-fold for KBA and provide 35-fold higher brain concentrations[27]
  • Micellar Formulations: Increase relative bioavailability by 1,720-4,291% compared to native extracts[28]
  • Self-Emulsifying Formulations: Natural hybrid-hydrogel formulations (e.g., using fenugreek mucilage) provide 4-fold enhancement in overall bioavailability[29]
  • Cyclodextrin Complexes: HP-β-CD complexes increase intestinal absorption 10-14 fold[30]

10. SYNERGIES WITH OTHER PAIN MEDICATIONS AND NUTRACEUTICALS

  Boswellia may work synergistically with:

  • Curcumin (turmeric): Both target NF-κB and inflammatory pathways through complementary mechanisms[2]
  • Omega-3 fatty acids: Provide anti-inflammatory benefits through different pathways (COX vs. LOX); frankincense promotes formation of specialized pro-resolving mediators when combined with DHA and EPA[31]
  • Celery seed extract (Apium graveolens): Combination shows enhanced cartilage protection and regeneration[6]
  • NSAIDs: May allow dose reduction of NSAIDs while maintaining efficacy[1]
  • Myrrha (myrrh): Traditional combination; ratios of 10:1, 5:1, and 20:1 (Boswellia:Myrrha) show optimal anti-neuroinflammatory effects[8]

11. DRUG INTERACTIONS

  Limited data on drug interactions exist for Boswellia. Potential considerations include:

  • Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets: Theoretical concern due to anti-inflammatory effects; monitor if combining with warfarin or aspirin
  • NSAIDs: May have additive anti-inflammatory effects[1]
  • Immunosuppressants: Boswellia modulates immune function; use with caution in transplant patients[3]
  • CYP450 substrates: Limited data; no significant interactions documented in clinical studie
  • Note: Boswellia is not listed among herbs with known clinically important drug interactions.[32]

12. SAFETY AND CONTRAINDICATIONS

  Safety:

  • Generally well tolerated with a low incidence of side effects[15][17]
  • Most common side effects: Mild gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, acid reflux, diarrhea)[17]
  • Allergic reactions: Rare[17]
  • Clinical trials report adverse events similar to or lower than placebo groups[15]
  • No serious adverse events reported in clinical trials[15][20]
  • 90-day studies show no adverse effects on biochemical, hematological, or ECG parameters[16]

  Contraindications:

  • Pregnancy and lactation (insufficient safety data)
  • Known allergy to Boswellia or frankincense
  • Caution in patients on anticoagulation therapy

13. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS / TIPS

  • Take with fat: Always take Boswellia with a high-fat meal or fat-containing food to maximize absorption[17]
  • Choose enhanced formulations: Lecithin, micellar, or phytosome formulations significantly improve bioavailability and may be more cost-effective despite higher price[18][27][28]
  • Look for standardization: Products should be standardized to AKBA content (typically 30%)[16]
  • Rapid onset possible: Unlike many nutraceuticals, some benefit may be seen within 5 days, though optimal results require 4-12 weeks of consistent use[16]
  • Consider for NSAID-intolerant patients: Boswellia offers an alternative for patients who cannot tolerate NSAIDs due to GI, cardiovascular, or renal concerns[1]
  • Storage: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight
  • Quality matters: Choose products from reputable manufacturers with third-party testing

14. COSTS

Boswellia supplements vary in price depending on formulation and standardization:

  • Standard Boswellia extracts: $15-30 per month
  • Enhanced bioavailability formulations (phytosomes, micellar): $30-60 per month
  • Standardized extracts (30% AKBA): $20-40 per month
  • Combination products: Variable pricing depending on additional ingredients

Boswellia supplements are widely available over-the-counter and do not require a prescription. Enhanced bioavailability formulations may be more cost-effective despite higher price due to improved absorption.[18][27][28]

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References

  1. Boswellia Serrata: An Overall Assessment of in Vitro, Preclinical, Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Data. Abdel-Tawab M, Werz O, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2011;50(6):349-69. doi:10.2165/11586800-000000000-00000.
  2. From Bench to Bedside, Boswellic Acids in Anti-Inflammatory Therapy – Mechanistic Insights, Bioavailability Challenges, and Optimization Approaches. Peng C, Yang Y, Wang Y, et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2025;16:1692443. doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1692443.
  3. Modulation of the Immune System by Boswellia Serrata Extracts and Boswellic Acids. Ammon HP. Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology. 2010;17(11):862-7. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.003.
  4. Triterpene Acids From Frankincense and Semi-Synthetic Derivatives That Inhibit 5-Lipoxygenase and Cathepsin G. Koeberle A, Henkel A, Verhoff M, et al. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2018;23(2):E506. doi:10.3390/molecules23020506.
  5. Structural and Mechanistic Insights Into 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibition by Natural Products. Gilbert NC, Gerstmeier J, Schexnaydre EE, et al. Nature Chemical Biology. 2020;16(7):783-790. doi:10.1038/s41589-020-0544-7.
  6. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Aflapin: A Novel Boswellia Serrata Extract. Sengupta K, Kolla JN, Krishnaraju AV, et al. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 2011;354(1-2):189-97. doi:10.1007/s11010-011-0818-1.
  7. A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Boswellia Serrata Extract in the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Majeed M, Majeed S, Narayanan NK, Nagabhushanam K. Phytotherapy Research : PTR. 2019;33(5):1457-1468. doi:10.1002/ptr.6338.
  8. Protective Effect and Mechanism of Boswellic Acid and Myrrha Sesquiterpenes With Different Proportions of Compatibility on Neuroinflammation by LPS-Induced BV2 Cells Combined With Network Pharmacology. Miao XD, Zheng LJ, Zhao ZZ, et al. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2019;24(21):E3946. doi:10.3390/molecules24213946.
  9. Role of 3-Acetyl-11-Keto-Beta-Boswellic Acid in Counteracting LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation via Modulation of miRNA-155. Sayed AS, Gomaa IEO, Bader M, El Sayed NSED. Molecular Neurobiology. 2018;55(7):5798-5808. doi:10.1007/s12035-017-0801-2.
  10. Neuronutritional Enhancement of Antioxidant Defense System Through Nrf2/Ho1/Nqo1 Axis in Fibromyalgia. Inferrera F, Tranchida N, Fusco R, et al. Neurochemistry International. 2025;:106057. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2025.106057.
  11. Acetyl-11-Keto-Beta-Boswellic Acid Activates the Nrf2/Ho-1 Signaling Pathway in Schwann Cells to Reduce Oxidative Stress and Promote Sciatic Nerve Injury Repair. Zhou C, Wang Y, Zhang Q, et al. Planta Medica. 2023;89(15):1468-1482. doi:10.1055/a-2148-7427.
  12. Boswellia Serrata Suppress Fipronil-Induced Neuronal Necrosis and Neurobehavioral Alterations via Promoted Inhibition of Oxidative/Inflammatory/Apoptotic Pathways. Khafaga AF, El-Kazaz SE, Noreldin AE. The Science of the Total Environment. 2021;785:147384. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147384.
  13. Impaired Mitochondrial Quality Control in Fibromyalgia: Mechanisms Involved in Skeletal Muscle Alteration. Inferrera F, Marino Y, D’Amico R, et al. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2024;758:110083. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2024.110083.
  14. Comparative Effectiveness of Nutritional Supplements in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Network Meta-Analysis. Zhang Y, Gui Y, Adams R, et al. Nutrients. 2025;17(15):2547. doi:10.3390/nu17152547.
  15. Oral Herbal Therapies for Treating Osteoarthritis. Cameron M, Chrubasik S. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014;(5):CD002947. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002947.pub2.
  16. A Standardized Boswellia Serrata Extract Shows Improvements in Knee Osteoarthritis Within Five Days-a Double-Blind, Randomized, Three-Arm, Parallel-Group, Multi-Center, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Majeed A, Majeed S, Satish G, et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2024;15:1428440. doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1428440.
  17. Boswellic Acids and Their Role in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Ammon HP. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2016;928:291-327. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_13.
  18. A Single-Dose, Randomized, Cross-Over, Two-Way, Open-Label Study for Comparing the Absorption of Boswellic Acids and Its Lecithin Formulation. Riva A, Morazzoni P, Artaria C, et al. Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology. 2016;23(12):1375-1382. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2016.07.009.
  19. Efficacy of Extracts of Oleogum Resin of Boswellia in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dalmonte T, Andreani G, Rudelli C, Isani G. Phytotherapy Research : PTR. 2024;38(12):5672-5689. doi:10.1002/ptr.8336.
  20. Frankincense: Systematic Review. Ernst E. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 2008;337:a2813. doi:10.1136/bmj.a2813.
  21. Clinical Benefits of Boswellia Serrata (BOSMAX®) in Early Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study. Jayaram M, Kim J, Baek KS, et al. Journal of Medicinal Food. 2025;. doi:10.1177/1096620X251392467.
  22. The Biological Activity of 3-O-Acetyl-11-Keto-Β-Boswellic Acid in Nervous System Diseases. Gong Y, Jiang X, Yang S, et al. Neuromolecular Medicine. 2022;24(4):374-384. doi:10.1007/s12017-022-08707-0.
  23. Boswellic Acids as Promising Agents for the Management of Brain Diseases. Rajabian A, Farzanehfar M, Hosseini H, Arab FL, Nikkhah A. Life Sciences. 2023;312:121196. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121196.
  24. Regulation of Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress by Oral Boswellia Serrata Gum Resin Extract in a Rat Model of Endometriosis. D’Amico R, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022;23(23):15348. doi:10.3390/ijms232315348.
  25. Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Boswellia Serrata Protect Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Forouzanfar F, Hosseinzadeh H, Ebrahimzadeh Bideskan A, Sadeghnia HR. Phytotherapy Research : PTR. 2016;30(12):1954-1967. doi:10.1002/ptr.5701.
  26. Boswellia Serrata Inhibits LPS-induced Cardiotoxicity in H9c2 Cells: Investigating Role of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects. Baradaran Rahimi V, Rahmanian Devin P, Askari VR. Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology. 2023;229:107132. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107132.
  27. Enhanced Absorption of Boswellic Acids by a Lecithin Delivery Form (Phytosome(®)) of Boswellia Extract. Hüsch J, Bohnet J, Fricker G, et al. Fitoterapia. 2013;84:89-98. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2012.10.002.
  28. Single-Dose Comparative Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Study of a Micellar Formulation Versus a Native Boswellia Serrata Dry Extract in Healthy Volunteers. Schmiech M, Abdel-Kahaar E, Ulrich J, et al. Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology. 2024;132:155863. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155863.
  29. Pharmacokinetics of a Natural Self-Emulsifying Reversible Hybrid-Hydrogel (N’SERH) Formulation of Full-Spectrum Boswellia Serrata Oleo-Gum Resin Extract: Randomised Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Joseph A, Abhilash MB, Mulakal JN, Madhavamenon KI. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2024;47(9):1583-1593. doi:10.1248/bpb.b24-00306.
  30. Ex-Vivo Intestinal Absorption Study of Boswellic Acid, Cyclodextrin Complexes and Poloxamer Solid Dispersions Using Everted Gut Sac Technique. Tambe A, Mokashi P, Pandita N. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2019;167:66-73. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2018.12.018.
  31. Frankincense Preparation Promotes Formation of Inflammation-Resolving Lipid Mediators by Manipulating Lipoxygenases in Human Innate Immune Cells. Nischang V, Witt FM, Börner F, et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2023;14:1332628. doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1332628.
  32. The Non-Surgical Management of Hip & Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) (2020). Matthew Bair MD MS, John Cody MD, Jess Edison MD, et al. Department of Veterans Affairs.

Emphasis on Education

 

Accurate Clinic promotes patient education as the foundation of it’s medical care. In Dr. Ehlenberger’s integrative approach to patient care, including conventional and complementary and alternative medical (CAM) treatments, he may encourage or provide advice about the use of supplements. However, the specifics of choice of supplement, dosing and duration of treatment should be individualized through discussion with Dr. Ehlenberger. The following information and reference articles are presented to provide the reader with some of the latest research to facilitate evidence-based, informed decisions regarding the use of conventional as well as CAM treatments.

 

For medical-legal reasons, access to these links is limited to patients enrolled in an Accurate Clinic medical program.

 

Should you wish more information regarding any of the subjects listed – or not listed –  here, please contact Dr. Ehlenberger. He has literally thousands of published articles to share on hundreds of topics associated with pain management, weight loss, nutrition, addiction recovery and emergency medicine. It would take years for you to read them, as it did him.

 

For more information, please contact Accurate Clinic.

 

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