LA Marijuana Products:

Vape Products – Ilera Vape Formulations

There are several marijuana-based products designed to be “vaped,” or inhaled. They are provided in cartridges to be inhaled with the use of a vape pen. The advantages of inhaling a vape product versus sublingual or oral use of a tincture is the near immediate entry of the vape’s product into the blood stream with rapid therapeutic effects. With vaping, unlike smoking cannabis bud, very little of the product (~5%) dissipates or is exhaled so the use of a vape product does not expose others to significant second hand aerosol.

 

Safety of Vape Products

The products offered by the Louisiana sanctioned marijuana dispensary pharmacies appear to be safe. However, there have been incidents of severe respiratory illness associated with use of vaping products. For more information from the FDA about what is known about these incidents follow this link: Lung Injuries Associated with Use of Vaping Products or download. These incidents of concern do not appear to include the practice of vaping dry plant marijuana with vape devices, a practice that offers fewer health concerns compared with smoking dry plant marijuana (See: Inhalation: Smoking vs Vaping).

 

Ilera Vape Formulations Available:

 

Understanding Smoking and Vaping

 

LA Marijuana Products:

 

Links to other Pertinent Educational Pages:

Links to ALL Marijuana Educational Pages

 

For those interested in pursuing a trial of therapy with cannabis-based products,  first read:

 

Marijuana Pharmacies/Dispensaries in Louisiana:

Marijuana Pharmacies

 

The medical information on this site is provided as a resource for information only, and is not to be used or relied upon for any diagnostic or treatment purposes and is not intended to create any patient-physician relationship.  Readers are advised to seek professional medical guidance regarding the diagnosis and treatment of their medical concerns. 

 

Key to Links:

  • Grey text – handout
  • Red text – another page on this website
  • Blue text – Journal publication

 

Vape Formulations for Inhalation

There are several marijuana-based products designed to be “vaped,” or inhaled. They are provided in cartridges to be inhaled with the use of a vape pen. The advantages of using a vape product versus use of an oral tincture is the vape’s product near immediate entry into the blood stream and rapid therapeutic effects. With vaping, unlike smoking cannabis bud, very little of the product (~5%) dissipates or is exhaled so the use of a vape product does not expose others to significant second hand aerosol. Once again the providers of these products do not describe their specific constituents or their concentrations. In order to at least predict the likely constituents in an effort to gain insight as to the products potential benefits and side effects, data obtained from popular web sites dedicated to informing the public about the different marijuana strains and their reported effects is presented here. These websites include:

  1. www.leafly.com
  2. www.IndustrialHempFarms.com
  3. www.SabinaHolisticHealth.org

 

As of this writing there is little definitive evidence of specific benefits for these products and one must rely on anecdotal reports. These products consist of extracts from specific marijuana strains that are expected to have native cannabinoids and terpenes specific to those known to be associated with their specific strains. Some of these products also include the addition of proprietary terpene blends.

 

Vaping Temperatures

Vaporizers should provide the option of setting a vape temperature. The reason for this is that different cannabinoids and terpenes vaporize at different temperatures. If the flower is not heated to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the particular constituents in the flower, these constituents won’t be able to be inhaled and their benefits will be lost.

 

Lower Temperatures

In general, cannabinoids vaporize at temperatures from 315• – 430• F (157• – 220• C)  while terpenes vaporize at temperatures from 150• – 390• F (66• – 198• C). While it may be best to set the temperature as low as possible to avoid irritation of the airways, the temperature should be set 10• – 15• F) above the vaporizing point (VP), or boiling point, of the desired constituent with the highest VP. With each flower listed below, the minimum VP is identified based on the terpene profile (when known).

One can also modify the effects of vaping flower by adjusting the temperature directed at modulating the THC which vaporizes at 315• F. By vaping at, or just above this temperature, less THC will be released allowing for a more subtle effect compared with higher settings which will create a greater burst of vaporized THC. And, depending on the terpene profile of the strain, one can also modify the experience by modulating the terpene vaaporization.

For example, the terpene pinene (which promotes alertness) is vaporized at 311• F, so keeping the temperature around 315• – 320• allows for a more subtle THC experience with the addition of the uplifting pinene effects, while at the same time by keeping the temperature below 330• F it will avoid the sedating effects of any myrcene present since it needs 330• F to vaporize. 

One should be aware that β-caryophyllene, arguably the most important terpene for pain benefits, vaporizes at a significantly lower temperature (266• F) and would therefore be available at the temperatures discussed above. 

 

Higher Temperatures

Some cannabinoids have higher vaporization temperatures, including cannabichromene (CBC – 428• F), cannabinol (CBN – 365• F) and THCV (428• F). Of note, CBD doesn’t have a clear set VP, it is more of a vaporization range from 320-356• F (160-180°C), slightly higher than THC.

Therefore, to be certain to get the benefit of the full complement of cannabinoids and a more rapid vaporization of THC and CBD for the strongest impact, higher vaporizing temperatures should be used (430-450• F).

While vaporization points are meaningful, they are not absolute. The vape chamber of the device may not heat the chamber contents perfectly evenly, creating hot and cold spots in the flower that will affect over-all vaporization. An additional factor is that, to a small degree, these constituents may sublimate off at a lower temperature.

 

The minimum vaporizing temperatures listed with each product below is the temperature at which all significant constitutent cannabinoids and terpenes will vaporize.

 

Ilera Vape products currently available in LA:

  1. Freedom with Harlequine Terpene Blend  (205 mg THC / 205 mg CBD
  2. THC with Super Soul Diesel Terpene Blend (430 mg THC) Sativa
  3. GrandDaddy Purple (435 mg THC) Indica
  4. Mimosa Strain (435 mg THC) Hybrid
  5. Blue Dream (435 mg THC) Sativa-Dominant Hybrid
  6. 9 Pound Hammer (435 mg THC) Indica

 

For information on dosing, See: Marijuana Dosing & Marijuana Dosing: “Pot” vs Pharmaceutical Cannabis

 

 

Freedom with Harlequine Terpene Blend (205 mg THC / 205 mg CBD)

This product is manufactured by Ilera Holistic Healthcare and is available in a 500 mg pod cartridge. Each cartridge contains 205 mg THC and 205 mg CBD*

Freedom Harlequin Terpene Blend is a proprietary medical marijuana formulation made up of THC distillate, CBD Isolate, and Harlequin Terpene Blend.

 

Cannabinoids: Balanced THC and CBD
 

Dominant Terpenes:
The proprietary Ilera Harlequin Terpene Blend “includes Myrcene terpenes, Limonene terpenes, Humulene terpenes.”

*This % may represent an aggregate of THC/CBD, THCa/CBDa, THCb/CBDb within the product. Consumers should review the actual product label for exact % of THC/CBD.

    1. Myrcene (VP: 334•F; 167• C) is sedating, aids insomnia reduces anxiety. It also helps pain, reduces inflammation and is a muscle relaxant.
    2. Limonene (VP: 349•F; 176• C) reduces anxiety, is sedating and is synergistic with CBD for these benefits. It is also an antioxidant and may help oxidative stress
    3. Humulene (VP: 225•F; 107• C) helps pain and is a strongly anti-inflammatory

 

 

THC + with Super Soul Diesel terpene blend (430 mg THC)

This product is manufactured by Ilera Holistic Healthcare and is available in a 500 mg pod cartridge. Each cartridge contains 430 mg THC and 0 mg CBD*

This is a proprietary medical marijuana formulation made up of THC distillate and Super Sour Diesel Terpene Blend. Super Sour Diesel, also known as “Super Sour” and “Super Diesel” is a sativa-dominant strain with most estimates identifying the sativa/indica split around 85/15%. It was generated by crossing Super Silver Haze with Sour Diesel. This strain is reported to be fast-acting and energizing while promoting creativity. It is believed to be very effective for pain and stress and to be helpful for depression.

Per Sabina Holistic Health,  Sour Diesel is related to Orange Diesel which “provides euphoric feelings that promote energy, focus, creativity, and socialization. Orange Diesel is a very energizing strain and provides great mental focus. It can be used to treat fatigue, Attention Deficit Disorder or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, muscle spasms, eye pressure, spasticity, inflammation, pain, and multiple sclerosis.”


 

Anecdotal Reports:

Feelings:
Happy: 56% of people report feeling happy
Energetic: 44% of people report feeling energetic
Uplifted: 50% of people report feeling uplifted

Negatives:
Dry mouth: 31% of people report feeling dry mouth
Dry eyes: 17% of people report feeling dry eyes
Paranoid: 8% of people report feeling paranoid

Helps with:
Stress: 33% of people say it helps with stress
Depression: 25% of people say it helps with depression
Anxiety: 25% of people say it helps with anxiety

 

Cannabinoids:

THC: 18-24%; (VP: 315•F)

CBD: 0%

Dominant Terpenes:

The Super Sour Diesel proprietary terpene blend “includes Caryophyllene Terpenes, and Limonene terpenes.” The most abundant terpenes in Sour Diesel are caryophyllene, followed by myrcene and limonene (www.leafly.com).

*This % may represent an aggregate of THC/CBD, THCa/CBDa, THCb/CBDb within the product. Consumers should review the actual product label for exact % of THC/CBD.

    1. Caryophyllene (VP: 266•F; 130• C) is a powerful anti-inflammatory and in especially effective against neuro-inflammation and neuropathic (nerve) pain
    2. Myrcene (VP: 334•F; 167• C) is sedating, aids insomnia reduces anxiety. It also helps pain, reduces inflammation and is a muscle relaxant.
    3. Limonene (VP: 349•F; 176• C) reduces anxiety, is sedating and is synergistic with CBD for these benefits. It is also an antioxidant and may help oxidative stress

 

 

GrandDaddy Purple (435 mg THC / 0 mg CBD)

This product is manufactured by Ilera Holistic Healthcare and is available in a 500 mg pod cartridge. Each cartridge contains 435 mg of THC and  0 mg of CBD*

 

GrandDaddy Purple is an indica marijuana strain that goes by many different names, including “Grand Daddy Purp,” “GDP,” and “GrandDaddy Purple Kush.” Its effects are reported to be felt in both mind and body, with a combination of cerebral euphoria and physical relaxation. Like most indicas, this strain has been reported to help one relax and is recommended for daytime or nighttime use. It is one of the most popular indica strains for sleep.  GrandDaddy Purple is typically thought to be effective for chronic pain, stress, insomnia, appetite loss, and muscle spasms.

Per Sabina Holistic Health,  “Granddaddy Purple is a popular indica strain with 27% THC and up to 7% CBD. It smells like grapes and berries and is very relaxing and sedating. Granddaddy Purple is excellent for pain relief and sleep. It is best used at night. Granddaddy Purple can treat Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, insomnia, body aches, chronic pain, nausea, headaches, lack of appetite, and cancer treatment side effects.”

 

Anecdotal Reports:

Feelings:
Happy: 43% of people report feeling happy
Relaxed: 55% of people report feeling relaxed
Sleepy: 45% of people report feeling sleepy

Negatives:
Dry mouth: 28% of people report feeling dry mouth
Dry eyes: 16% of people report feeling dry eyes
Dizzy: 6% of people report feeling dizzy

Helps with:
Stress: 35% of people say it helps with stress
Pain: 30% of people say it helps with pain
Anxiety: 28% of people say it helps with anxiety

 

Dominant Cannabinoids: THC: 17%; CBG: 0%

Dominant Terpenes:
Ilera GrandDaddy Purple contains GrandDaddy Purple terpene blend (Myrcene, Humulene and Linalool) and True Terpene Viscosity blend (Phytol, Beta-Caryophyllene, D-Limonene, Farnesol and Nerolidol).

    1. Myrcene (VP: 334•F; 167• C) is sedating, aids insomnia reduces anxiety. It also helps pain, reduces inflammation and is a muscle relaxant.
    2. Humulene (VP: 225•F; 107• C) helps pain and is a strongly anti-inflammatory
    3. Linalool (VP: 390•F; 198• C) is especially helpful for anxiety, helps insomnia and reduces pain

 

 

Mimosa Strain Hybrid (435 mg THC)

This product is manufactured by Ilera Holistic Healthcare and is available in a 500 mg pod cartridge. Each cartridge contains 435 mg THC and 0 mg CBD*

 

Mimosa, also known as “Purple Mimosa,” is a hybrid marijuana strain made by crossing Clementine with Purple Punch. In small doses, this strain produces happy, level-headed effects that is reported to  leave one feeling uplifted and motivated. In large doses, Mimosa may make one feel sleepy and relaxed. This strain is believed to help relieve symptoms associated with depression and stress.

 

Anecdotal Reports:

Feelings:
Happy: 46% of people report feeling happy
Energetic: 37% of people report feeling energetic
Uplifted: 46% of people report feeling uplifted

Negatives:
Dry mouth: 17% of people report feeling dry mouth
Dry eyes: 5% of people report feeling dry eyes
Paranoid: 2% of people report feeling paranoid

Helps with:
Stress: 25% of people say it helps with stress
Depression: 24% of people say it helps with depression
Anxiety: 22% of people say it helps with anxiety

 

Cannabinoids:

THC: 19% (VP: 315•F) is sedating, aids insomnia reduces anxiety. It also helps pain, reduces inflammation and is a muscle relaxant.

CBG 1% has anti-inflammatory activity, especially when associated with CBD.

 

Dominant Terpenes:
The propietary Ilera Mimosa terpene blend “contains many terpenes including Caryophyllene, Nerolidol, Limonene and Farnesol”.  The most abundant terpenes in Mimosa plant are Myrcene, followed by Pinene and Limonene (www.leafly.com).

    1. Caryophyllene (VP: 266•F; 130• C) is a powerful anti-inflammatory and in especially effective against neuro-inflammation and neuropathic (nerve) pain
    2. Nerodilol has sedative properties and is useful in insomnia and may help pain.
    3. Limonene (VP: 349•F; 176• C) reduces anxiety, is sedating and is synergistic with CBD for these benefits. It is also an antioxidant and may help oxidative stress

 

 

Blue Dream (435 mg THC / 0 mg CBD)

This product is manufactured by Ilera Holistic Healthcare and is available in a 500 mg pod cartridge.  Each cartridge contains 435 mg THC and 0 mg CBD*

 

Blue Dream is a blend of Blueberry (indica) with Haze (sativa) to create a sativa-dominant hybrid for treating pain. Blue Dream offers full-body relaxation with mental alertness and is reportedly effective for managing chronic pain without excessive sedation. Blue Dream has a reputation for being one of the best strains for relieving migraine headaches. It is also reported to improve depression and nausea.

Per AskGrowers.com, Blue Dream is listed as the most effective strain for managing phantom limb pain (with Bruce Banner listed as 3rd most effective). It is not evident how this conclusion was drawn but presumably it is based on survey feedback obtained from this website.

However, there does not appear to be any published studies that have actually evaluated which strains are best for phantom limb pain. For that matter, there doesn’t appear to be any published studies that evaluate the effectiveness of marijuana, THC, CBD or other cannabinoids for phantom limb pain.

 

Anecdotal Reports:
Feelings:
Happy: 56% of people report feeling happy
Euphoric: 51% of people report feeling euphoric
Creative: 37% of people report feeling creative

Negatives:
Dry mouth: 29% of people report feeling dry mouth
Dry eyes: 15% of people report feeling dry eyes
Paranoia: 6% of people report feeling paranoid

Helps with:
Stress: 36% of people say it helps with stress
Depression: 26% of people say it helps with depression
Anxiety: 28% of people say it helps with anxiety

 

Dominant Cannabinoids:

THC: 17-24%;  (VP: 315•)

CBD: 0.1-0.2%

 

Dominant Terpenes:
The propietary Ilera Blue Dream Terpene Blend contains many terpenes, reportedly dominant Myrcene, Pinene, Caryophyllene, and Bisabolol”.

Blue Dream Natural Terpene Blend profile (from industrialhempfarms.com):
Linalool (1.86%), alpha-Pinene (0.68%), Caryophyllene Oxide (0.40%), Caryophyllene (0.11%), Humulene (0.02%), Myrcene (<0.01%), beta-Pinene (<0.01%), Limonene (<0.01%), Terpinolene (<0.01%).
Total Terpenes: 3.07%

Myrcene (VP: 334•F; 167• C) is sedating, aids insomnia reduces anxiety. It also helps pain, reduces inflammation and is a muscle relaxant.

Pinene (VP: 311•F; 155• C) has anti-inflammatory and analgesic benefits along with sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic properties 

Caryophyllene (VP: 266•F; 130• C) is a powerful anti-inflammatory and in especially effective against neuro-inflammation and neuropathic (nerve) pain

Linalool (VP: 390•F; 198• C) is especially helpful for anxiety, helps insomnia and reduces pain

 

 

9 Pound Hammer (435 mg THC / 0 mg CBD)

This product is manufactured by Ilera Holistic Healthcare and is available in a 500 mg pod cartridge.  Each cartridge contains 435 mg THC and 0 mg CBD*

 

9 Pound Hammer is an indica marijuana strain that crosses Gooberry, Hells OG, and Jack the Ripper. Per Leafly, 9 Pound Hammer “hosts a terpene profile abundant in myrcene, pinene, and caryophyllene with THC levels ranging between 17-21%. Effects can be heavy and long-lasting, making this strain useful for pain and stress relief.” Per www.AllBud.com, “This bud leaves you with the feeling that you were hit over the head with a hammer! Users describe the 9 Pound Hammer high as having an immediate onset of a happy, euphoric and uplifted cerebral head high that is stimulating and pain relieving. This is followed by a slow drift into couch-locked sedation that leaves you completely relaxed in both mind and body with an overwhelming sense of sleepiness. As the high fades, you’ll be eased into a deep and peaceful sleep. Due to these potent effects, 9 Pound Hammer is said to be an ideal strain for treating patients suffering from conditions such as chronic pain due to injury or illness, stress, insomnia, and eye pressure.”

 

Anecdotal Reports:
 

Feelings:
Sleepy: – % of people report feeling sleepy
Relaxed: – % of people report feeling relaxed
Hungry: – % of people report feeling hungry

Negatives:
Dry mouth: – % of people report feeling dry mouth
Dry eyes: – % of people report feeling dry eyes
Dizzy: – % of people report feeling dizzy

Helps with:
Stress: 34% of people say it helps with stress
Insomnia: 33% of people say it helps with depression
Pain: 35% of people say it helps with anxiety

 

Dominant Cannabinoids:

THC: 17-21%; (VP: 315•)

CBG: 1%

Dominant Terpenes:
The propietary Ilera 9 Pound Hammer Terpene Blend contains Myrcene, Pinene and Caryophyllene.”

      1. Myrcene (VP: 334•F; 167• C) is sedating, aids insomnia reduces anxiety. It also helps pain, reduces inflammation and is a muscle relaxant.
      2. Pinene(VP: 311•F; 155• C) has anti-inflammatory and analgesic benefits along with sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic properties 
      3. Caryophyllene (VP: 266•F; 130• C) is a powerful anti-inflammatory and in especially effective against neuro-inflammation and neuropathic (nerve) pain

Vaping Temperatures

Vaporizers should provide the option of setting a vape temperature. The reason for this is that different cannabinoids and terpenes vaporize at different temperatures. If the flower is not heated to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the particular constituents in the flower, these constituents won’t be able to be inhaled and their benefits will be lost.

 

Lower Temperatures

In general, cannabinoids vaporize at temperatures from 315• – 430• F (157• – 220• C)  while terpenes vaporize at temperatures from 150• – 390• F (66• – 198• C). While it may be best to set the temperature as low as possible to avoid irritation of the airways, the temperature should be set 10• – 15• F) above the vaporizing point (VP), or boiling point, of the desired constituent with the highest VP. With each flower listed below, the minimum VP is identified based on the terpene profile (when known).

One can also modify the effects of vaping flower by adjusting the temperature directed at modulating the THC which vaporizes at 315• F. By vaping at, or just above this temperature, less THC will be released allowing for a more subtle effect compared with higher settings which will create a greater burst of vaporized THC. And, depending on the terpene profile of the strain, one can also modify the experience by modulating the terpene vaaporization.

For example, the terpene pinene (which promotes alertness) is vaporized at 311• F, so keeping the temperature around 315• – 320• allows for a more subtle THC experience with the addition of the uplifting pinene effects, while at the same time by keeping the temperature below 330• F it will avoid the sedating effects of any myrcene present since it needs 330• F to vaporize. 

One should be aware that β-caryophyllene, arguably the most important terpene for pain benefits, vaporizes at a significantly lower temperature (266• F) and would therefore be available at the temperatures discussed above. 

 

Higher Temperatures

Some cannabinoids have higher vaporization temperatures, including cannabichromene (CBC – 428• F), cannabinol (CBN – 365• F) and THCV (428• F). Of note, CBD doesn’t have a clear set VP, it is more of a vaporization range from 320-356• F (160-180°C), slightly higher than THC.

Therefore, to be certain to get the benefit of the full complement of cannabinoids and a more rapid vaporization of THC and CBD for the strongest impact, higher vaporizing temperatures should be used (430-450• F).

While vaporization points are meaningful, they are not absolute. The vape chamber of the device may not heat the chamber contents perfectly evenly, creating hot and cold spots in the flower that will affect over-all vaporization. An additional factor is that, to a small degree, these constituents may sublimate off at a lower temperature.

 

The minimum vaporizing temperatures listed with each flower is the temperature at which all significant constitutent cannabinoids and terpenes will vaporize.

 

Selecting the Best Vape/Plant Product for Personal Needs

Within the limitations of this section, recommendations will focus on those patients seeking benefit from marijuana-based vape products for:

  1. Pain Only
  2. Pain and Anxiety
  3. Pain and Sleep
  4. Pain, Anxiety and Sleep
  5. Anxiety
  6. Anxiety and Sleep

 

(1) Pain Only

First choice for treating pain only

Since THC and CBD are likely the most powerful constituents for pain, the combination of THC and CBD is likely to be more effective than either THC or CBD alone. The additional benefit of adding CBD to THC is that CBD is believed to not only enhance the therapeutic benefits of THC (the “Entourage Effect”), CBD also suppresses some of the side effects of THC including cognitive impairment and nausea. Therefore, unless one does not tolerate the sedation associated with CBD, the “Freedom with Harlequine Terpene Blend“ (205 mg THC / 205 mg CBD) vape formulation is the only one with both THC and CBD and therefore is recommended to be the first vape product to try when the therapeutic focus is pain. The proprietary Ilera Harlequin Terpene Blend reportedly “includes Myrcene, Limonene and Humulene terpenes.” Arguably this list is not the best selection of terpenes for pain, the myrcene and limonene are noted to have pain benefits.

Furthermore, the Harlequin strain of marijuana does had a good reputation for pain management regarding arthritis pain, fibromyalgia, nerve pain, muscle and joint pain, menstrual cramps and also nausea. While not listed by the manufacturer, the Harlequin strain is reported to contain the following terpenes (those in bold are known for pain benefit): alpha-Pinene (0.309%), Myrcene (0.298%), Caryophyllene (0.238%), beta-Pinene (0.099%), Humulene (0.082%), Limonene (0.058%), Linalool (0.010%), Terpinolene (<0.002%), Ocimene (<0.002%). Based on this list the Harlequin profile of terpenes does argue for benefit for pain. Given the limitation of “propretary” acknowledgement, there may be a good additional terpene argument for the “Freedom with Harlequine Terpene Blend”  vape product as a first choice for pain management.

 

2nd choice for treating pain only

Blue Dream (435 mg THC / 0 mg CBD) is arguably the next best recommendation for treating pain. The Blue Dream marijuana strain has a good reputation for effectiveness for pain and its terpene profile has a strong representation of terpenes thought to be helpful for pain including Myrcene, Pinene, Caryophyllene reported by the manufacturer while other terpenes reported by independent sources to be in the Blue Dream terpene profile include Linalool, Humulene and Limonene. If one elects to use Blue Dream for the management of pain,considering supplementation with a secondary over the counter CBD product to add the CBD benefits would make sense.

 

(2) Pain and Anxiety

First choice for treating pain and anxiety

The same argument used for recommending Freedom with Harlequine Terpene Blend“ to be the first choice for treating pain applies also to the treatment of pain and anxiety. It is well established that CBD is effective for treating anxiety and is possibly the most effective constituent found in marijuana for anxiety. Oral dosing of CBD has been shown to be useful for treating anxiety at doses ranging from 10 mg to 175 mg and sometimes even up to 500 mg/day. The terpenes in Freedom that are effective for anxiety include Caryophyllene, Myrcene, and Pinene (and possibly Linalool and Limonene). See: Terpenes

2nd choice for treating pain and anxiety

In the absence of CBD and the lack of disclosure regarding other cannabionoid present, predicting which vape product may be 2nd best for anxiety is solely based on the terpene profile. Unfortunately, while certain terpenes have been identified as being effective for anxiety there is essentially no information regarding dosing or the impact of different combinations and ratios of terpenes. – to be finished soon

 

 

Resources:

CDC

  1. CDC Guide e-cigarette & vaping products

 

FDA

  1. Lung Injuries Associated with Use of Vaping Products | FDA

 

National Academy of Sciences

  1. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research

 

These lay-person websites appear to be good resources for exploring medical marijuana:

  1. www.GreenCamp.com
  2. www.Healer.com
  3. www.MedicalJane.com
  4. www.ProjectCBD.org
  5. analytical360.com
  6. www.leafly.com

 

 

References:

Epidiolex (cannabidiol)

  1. FDA approves CBD drug – Epidiolex – The Washington Post

 

Marinol (dronabinol)

  1. Marinol – dronabinol

 

 Marijuana – Sativs vs Indica

  1. The Cannabinoid Content of Legal Cannabis in Washington State Varies Systematically Across Testing Facilities and Popular Consumer Products – 2018

 

Medical Marijuana – Federal Law

  1. The legal status of cannabis (marijuana) and cannabidiol (CBD) under U.S. law – 2017

 

 

Medical Marijuana – Dosing

  1. Practical considerations in medical cannabis administration and dosing – 2018
  2. Measuring cannabis consumption – Psychometric properties of the Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Inventory (DFAQ-CU) – 2017
  3. Quantifying Cannabis – A Field Study of Marijuana Quantity Estimation – 2018
  4. Bayesian inference for the distribution of grams of marijuana in a joint. – PubMed – NCBI – 2016
  5. Delphi Consensus – recommendations on dosing and administration of medical cannabis to treat chronic pain – results of a modified Delphi process – 2021
  6. Delphi Consensus – A cannabis oracle? Delphi method not a substitute for randomized controlled trials of cannabinoids as therapeutics – 2021
  7. Delphi Consensus – Clinical experience and COI disclosures
  8. Delphi Consensus – Dosing and Administration of Medical Cannabis- Physician Survey
  9. Delphi Consensus – Virtual Voting Round 2 Results Delphi Consensus – Voting Round 1 Results
  10. Consensus‐based recommendations for titrating cannabinoids and tapering opioids for chronic pain control – 2021

 

Medical Marijuana – Louisiana Law

  1. Louisiana-2016-SB180-Chaptered
  2. HOUSE BILL NO. 225 – 2017 Regular Session
  3. Louisiana medical marijuana expansion bill signed into law – May 20, 2016
  4. Now in Effect, Louisiana Medical Marijuana Law Shields Patients and Caregivers from Prosecution – Aug 5, 2016
  5. Louisiana-2016-SB180-Chaptered

 

Cannabidiol (CBD)- Overviews

  1. CANNABIDIOL (CBD) Pre-Review Report WHO 2017
  2. Cannabidiol – State of the art and new challenges for therapeutic applications. – 2017 PubMed – NCBI

 

CBD – Anxiety

  1. Overlapping Mechanisms of Stress-Induced Relapse to Opioid Use Disorder and Chronic Pain – Clinical Implications – 2016
  2. Cannabidiol Modulates Fear Memory Formation Through Interactions with Serotonergic Transmission in the Mesolimbic System – 2016
  3. Cannabidiol regulation of emotion and emotional memory processing: relevance for treating anxiety-related and substance abuse disorders. – PubMed – NCBI
  4. Review of the neurological benefits of phytocannabinoids – 2018
  5. Plastic and Neuroprotective Mechanisms Involved in the Therapeutic Effects of Cannabidiol in Psychiatric Disorders – 2017
  6. Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report. – PubMed – NCBI
  7. Evidences for the Anti-panic Actions of Cannabidiol – 2017
  8. Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an anxiolytic drug – 2012
  9. Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients – 2011

 

CBD – Interaction with THC

  1. Cannabidiol: a promising drug for neurodegenerative disorders? – PubMed – NCBI
  2. Oral Cannabidiol does not Alter the Subjective, Reinforcing or Cardiovascular Effects of Smoked Cannabis – 2015
  3. Taming THC – potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects – 2011
  4. A tale of two cannabinoids: the therapeutic rationale for combining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. – PubMed – NCBI

 

 

CBD – Metabolites

  1. Human Metabolites of Cannabidiol – A Review on Their Formation, Biological Activity, and Relevance in Therapy – 2016

 

CBD – Drug-Metabolic Interactions

  1. Cannabidiol, a Major Phytocannabinoid, As a Potent Atypical Inhibitor for CYP2D6 – 2011
  2. The Effect of CYP2D6 Drug-Drug Interactions on Hydrocodone Effectiveness – 2014 
  3. Characterization of P-glycoprotein Inhibition by Major Cannabinoids from Marijuana – 2006

 

Medical Marijuana – Prescribing Guidelines

  1. Simplified guideline for prescribing medical cannabinoids in primary care – Canadian Family Physician – 2018
  2. Physician Recommendation of Medical Cannabis Guidelines Calif Medical Assoc – 2011
  3. Prescribing smoked cannabis for chronic noncancer pain. Preliminary recommendations – Canadian Family Physician – 2014

 

 

Medical Marijuana – Opioids

  1. Use-of-Prescription-Pain-Medications-Among-Medical-Cannabis-Patients
  2. It is premature to expand access to medicinal cannabis in hopes of solving the US opioid crisis – 2018
  3. Patterns of medicinal cannabis use, strain analysis, and substitution effect among patients with migraine, headache, arthritis, and chronic pain in a medicinal cannabis cohort – 2018
  4. Patterns and correlates of medical cannabis use for pain among patients prescribed long-term opioid therapy. – PubMed – NCBI
  5. Associations between medical cannabis and prescription opioid use in chronic pain patients – A preliminary cohort study – 2017
  6. The prevalence and significance of cannabis use in patients prescribed chronic opioid therapy: a review of the extant literature. – PubMed – NCBI
  7. The use of cannabis in response to the opioid crisis: A review of the literature. – PubMed – NCBI
  8. Medical Cannabis Laws and Opioid Analgesic Overdose Mortality in the United States, 1999–2010 – 2014
  9. Rationale for cannabis-based interventions in the opioid overdose crisis – 2017
  10. Cannabis and the Opioid Crisis – 2018
  11. Impact of co-administration of oxycodone and smoked cannabis on analgesia and abuse liability. – PubMed – NCBI
  12. Cannabinoid–Opioid Interaction in Chronic Pain
  13. Synergistic interactions between cannabinoid and opioid analgesics. – PubMed – NCBI
  14. FDA approves CBD drug – Epidiolex – The Washington Post

 

Medical Marijuana, Chronic Pain – Cannabinoids & Palmitoylethanolamide

  1. Therapeutic utility of palmitoylethanolamide in the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with various pathological conditions – a case series – 2012
  2. Palmitoylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid, is an orally effective intestinal anti-inflammatory agent – 2013
  3. Cannabinoid-based drugs targeting CB1 and TRPV1, the sympathetic nervous system, and arthritis – 2015
  4. Fatty acid amide hydrolase: biochemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic possibilities for an enzyme hydrolyzing anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol,… – PubMed – NCBI 2001
  5. Endocannabinoid-related compounds in gastrointestinal diseases – 2018
  6. ‘Entourage’ effects of N-palmitoylethanolamide and N-oleoylethanolamide on vasorelaxation to anandamide occur through TRPV1 receptors – 2008
  7. Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids- An Option for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Ca
    ncer of the Colon? – 2018
  8. Effects of homologues and analogues of palmitoylethanolamide upon the inactivation of the endocannabinoid anandamide – 2001
  9. Phytocannabinoids beyond the Cannabis plant – do they exist? – 2010
  10. Palmitoylethanolamide, endocannabinoids and related cannabimimetic compounds in protection against tissue inflammation and pain: potential use in c… – PubMed – NCBI
  11. Cannabinoids as pharmacotherapies for neuropathic pain – from the bench to the bedside. – 2009
  12. Correction – Effect of a new formulation of micronized and ultramicronized N-palmitoylethanolamine in a tibia fracture mouse model of complex regional pain syndrome – 2018
  13. Palmitoylethanolamide induces microglia changes associated with increased migration and phagocytic activity – involvement of the CB2 receptor – 2017
  14. Mast cells, glia and neuroinflammation – partners in crime? – 2013
  15. A Pharmacological Rationale to Reduce the Incidence of Opioid Induced Tolerance and Hyperalgesia – A Review – 2018

 

Medical Marijuana –Misc

  1. A tale of two cannabinoids: the therapeutic rationale for combining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. – PubMed – NCBI
  2. Cannabis and cannabis extracts – greater than the sum of their parts? – 2001
  3. Medical cannabis and mental health: A guided systematic review. 2016 – PubMed – NCBI
  4. Epidemiological characteristics, safety and efficacy of medical cannabis in the elderly. – PubMed – NCBI
  5. Cannabis-conclusions – 2017 National Academy of Sciences
  6. Cannabis-chapter-highlights – 2017 National Academy of Sciences
  7. Cannabis-report-highlights – 2017 National Academy of Sciences
  8. Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency (CECD): Can this Concept Explain Therapeutic Bene ts of Cannabis in Migraine, Fibromyalgia, Irritable Bowel Syndrome and other Treatment-Resistant Conditions?-2004
  9. Marijuana use and the risk of lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancers: results of a population-based case-control study. – PubMed – NCBI
  10. Cannabis use and cognitive function: 8-year trajectory in a young adult cohort. – PubMed – NCBI
  11. Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. – PubMed – NCBI
  12. Cannabinoids and Cytochrome P450 Interactions. – PubMed – NCBI Pharmacogenetics of Cannabinoids – 2018
  13. Systematic review of systematic reviews for medical cannabinoids – 2018
  14. Adverse effects of medical cannabinoids – a systematic review – 2008
  15. Cannabimimetic effects modulated by cholinergic compounds. – PubMed – NCBI
  16. Antagonism of marihuana effects by indomethacin in humans. – PubMed – NCBI
  17. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids. – PubMed – NCBI
  18. Clinical Pharmacodynamics of Cannabinoids – 2004
  19. Affinity and Efficacy Studies of Te
    trahydrocannabinolic Acid A at Cannabinoid Receptor Types One and Two. – 2017
  20. Quality Control of Traditional Cannabis Tinctures – Pattern, Markers, and Stability – 2016
  21. Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. – PubMed – NCBI
  22. Pharmacology of Cannabinoids
  23. Current-status-and-future-of-cannabis-research-Clin-Researcher-2015
  24. Medical Marijuana for Treatment of Chronic Pain and Other Medical and Psychiatric Problems – A Clinical Review – 2015

 

Medical Marijuana – Products

Medical Marijuana – Product Evaluation

  1. The Cannabinoid Content of Legal Cannabis in Washington State Varies Systematically Across Testing Facilities and Popular Consumer Products – 2018
  2. Quality Control of Traditional Cannabis Tinctures – Pattern, Markers, and Stability – 2016

 

Medical Marijuana – Flower/Bud Products

Wellcana (Good Day Farm):

  1. Grease Monkey Flyer
  2. Lilac Diesel Flyer

 

Medical Marijuana – Topical Products

  1. Soothe Flyer
  2. Breathe Flyer

 

 

Emphasis on Education

 

Accurate Clinic promotes patient education as the foundation of it’s medical care. In Dr. Ehlenberger’s integrative approach to patient care, including conventional and complementary and alternative medical (CAM) treatments, he may encourage or provide advice about the use of supplements. However, the specifics of choice of supplement, dosing and duration of treatment should be individualized through discussion with Dr. Ehlenberger. The following information and reference articles are presented to provide the reader with some of the latest research to facilitate evidence-based, informed decisions regarding the use of conventional as well as CAM treatments.

 

For medical-legal reasons, access to these links is limited to patients enrolled in an Accurate Clinic medical program.

 

Should you wish more information regarding any of the subjects listed – or not listed –  here, please contact Dr. Ehlenberger. He has literally thousands of published articles to share on hundreds of topics associated with pain management, weight loss, nutrition, addiction recovery and emergency medicine. It would take years for you to read them, as it did him.

 

For more information, please contact Accurate Clinic.

 

Supplements recommended by Dr. Ehlenberger may be purchased commercially online or at Accurate Clinic.

Please read about our statement regarding the sale of products recommended by Dr. Ehlenberger.

Accurate Supplement Prices

 

 

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